Vitalik elaborates on Ethereum's long-term goals: to achieve native communication between L1 and L2 within 12 seconds, advancing a unified system architecture

ChainCatcher news, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin stated at the "Web3 Scholars Summit 2025" in Hong Kong that Ethereum's long-term goal is to achieve 12-second native asynchronous communication between L1 and L2, reducing bridging latency and costs.

To this end, he proposed a "four-step" plan: including a "ZK+TEE+OP two out of three" design, asynchronous reading of L1 through L1SLOAD, a unified proof integration mechanism, and deploying low-latency validators. He emphasized that in the future, users can still use intent-based models to achieve faster or more cost-effective experiences, but the underlying communication system will tend towards low cost and high coupling.