1. Introduction

In April 2025, the Bitcoin market experienced significant volatility. After a high-level correction at the end of the first quarter, influenced by U.S. tariff policies, the price of Bitcoin briefly fell below $75,000, triggering market panic. However, it is noteworthy that whales continued to buy BTC in large quantities at lower prices, showing no signs of the large-scale sell-offs typically seen in previous bear markets. Meanwhile, traditional financial institutions are also accelerating their embrace of Bitcoin, with several institutions either increasing their holdings or allocating BTC for the first time.

This article will analyze the situation of large on-chain holders and traditional financial institutions increasing their BTC holdings, combined with the correlation between on-chain capital flows and BTC price trends, to determine whether a bottom has been formed in this round. It will also analyze the impact of the macroeconomic environment and policies on market sentiment and capital flows, providing an in-depth analysis of multiple on-chain indicators to assess market trends.

2. Whale Address Capital Flows

Since March, Bitcoin whale addresses have shown a clear tendency to accumulate at lower prices, with whales seizing the opportunity to increase their holdings significantly. Bitcoin is shifting from exchanges and retail investors to whale wallets. The chart below compares the total balance changes of large holders (holding 1,000 to 10,000 BTC, purple line) and Bitcoin prices (black line) from 2024 to 2025. It can be seen that the total balance of whales significantly increased from March to April as prices fell, indicating that whales are accumulating.

Source: https://www.mitrade.com/

Data provided by CryptoQuant analyst caueconomy indicates that the holdings of whale wallets increased by over 100,000 BTC during this period. Even with overall network activity relatively low and retail investors on the sidelines, whales continued to buy in a planned manner. This trend has led the total amount held by whales (those holding 1,000 to 10,000 BTC) to rise to over 3.35 million BTC, reaching a new peak. The counter-cyclical accumulation behavior of whales is often seen as one of the signals of a potential market bottom.

In terms of specific capital flows, on-chain transaction tracking accounts such as Whale Alert and Lookonchain have repeatedly captured large transfers and balance changes from whales in April. On April 11, over $2.4 billion worth of BTC was withdrawn from the U.S. exchange Kraken, indicating that large investors are concentrating on withdrawing their chips from exchanges, leaning towards self-custody for long-term holding. Another whale behavior is "large new wallet accumulation." In late March, a billionaire-level Bitcoin whale bought 3,238 BTC in 24 hours, worth about $280 million, at an average purchase price of $86,500. In fact, over the past month, there have been multiple large-scale BTC transfers into cold wallets, totaling over 50,000 BTC withdrawn and stored offline by large investors, indicating that the main players are accumulating at lower prices.

Overall, the capital flow of whale addresses in April exhibited a "net inflow accumulation" pattern: a large amount of BTC flowed out of exchanges into long-term holding wallets; the overall amount held by whales increased, with almost no signs of panic selling. On the contrary, whales chose to increase their holdings during this round of approximately 30% price correction, which is seen as a reflection of their confidence that the current adjustment is merely a temporary pullback rather than a trend reversal.

3. Institutional Capital Movements

As Bitcoin is increasingly viewed as digital gold and an inflation hedge, more traditional institutions are joining the ranks of holders. According to data from BitcoinTreasuries, there are currently over 80 companies holding Bitcoin.

Source: https://treasuries.bitbo.io/

1. Asset Management Funds

At the beginning of 2025, several Wall Street giants launched Bitcoin-related products. The world's largest asset management company, BlackRock, received a warm response to its Bitcoin spot ETF launched at the end of 2024, and its fund continued to receive net subscriptions into 2025. Reports indicate that BlackRock is not only investing in Bitcoin but has also recently begun to venture into assets like Ethereum: on April 10, BlackRock purchased 4,126 ETH through its Ethereum spot ETF, worth about $6.4 million. On April 15, BlackRock increased its holdings by 431.823 BTC through its Bitcoin exchange-traded fund IBIT, worth $37.07 million, bringing its total holdings to 571,869 BTC.

In addition to BlackRock, financial giants such as Fidelity and JPMorgan have also been reported to be increasing their positions in Bitcoin or related derivatives. Fidelity opened Bitcoin spot trading and custody services as early as 2024, and its client funds showed a trend of newly allocating BTC in Q1 2025. Additionally, institutional investors like Grayscale continue to hold large amounts of Bitcoin through trusts and other products, with the discount rate of its flagship product GBTC significantly narrowing in April, reflecting rising institutional demand.

2. Public Companies and Enterprises

As the public company with the largest Bitcoin holdings globally, Strategy continues to raise funds through issuing stocks and bonds to purchase Bitcoin. According to the latest disclosed data, Strategy purchased 3,459 BTC between April 7 and April 13, at an average price of $82,618, totaling $285.8 million. As of April 17, Strategy holds a total of 531,644 BTC, with an average holding price of approximately $67,556.

Moreover, some companies are increasing their Bitcoin allocations in their financial reserves. Consulting reports indicate that more companies are viewing Bitcoin as a reserve asset on their balance sheets to combat economic uncertainty. For example, Tesla and Block (formerly Square) have already purchased Bitcoin. As of now, although Tesla has not made any further purchases since 2022 and still holds about 10,000 BTC, it has not further reduced its holdings. Traditional industry companies like Norwegian energy company Aker have also allocated some Bitcoin as strategic reserves, indicating a more open attitude towards embracing Bitcoin in traditional sectors.

Overall, traditional institutional capital is actively entering the Bitcoin market: from Wall Street asset management giants to public companies and various investment funds, whether for hedging, speculation, or strategic reserve purposes, BTC is being incorporated into the asset portfolios of an increasing number of institutions. This force provides solid buying support for the market and is also an important driving force behind the current wave of whale accumulation.

4. The Correlation Between BTC Price Trends and On-Chain Capital Flows

In the past few weeks, Bitcoin's price has experienced dramatic fluctuations: after reaching an all-time high of $109,000 in January, it underwent a deep correction of about 30% due to profit-taking and U.S. tariff policies, briefly falling below $75,000. As of April 17, the price has rebounded and stabilized in the $83,000-$85,000 range.

• Correction Phase (from January peak to March low): Bitcoin fell from the $109K high at the end of Q1 to around $75K, a decline of about 30%. On-chain data shows that during the rapid price drop, there was a net inflow to exchanges (retail investors panic-selling BTC to exchanges for liquidation), while at the same time, whale wallet balances increased (as they bought and withdrew BTC from exchanges). Specifically, starting in mid-March, the BTC balance on exchanges began to decline, indicating a net outflow; meanwhile, stablecoins saw a net inflow into exchanges, suggesting that funds were withdrawing from the declining coin prices and converting into stablecoins for value preservation. Overall, panic sentiment was strong at that time, with the crypto market's greed/fear index dropping to as low as 19 (extreme fear) in early April. This extreme fear often signals that selling pressure is nearing its end.

Source: https://www.coinglass.com/pro/i/FearGreedIndex

• Bottoming Rebound Phase (from early April to present): After falling below $75K, Bitcoin quickly rebounded back above $80K and has been consolidating. At this time, the characteristics of on-chain capital flows are: net outflows from exchanges (investors withdrawing coins from exchanges), while stablecoins are flowing into exchanges in large quantities (indicating that funds are preparing to enter the market to buy coins). CryptoQuant's monitoring shows that in early April, the net inflow of stablecoins to exchanges reached several billion dollars, marking the highest level since July 2023. This means that at this price level, a large amount of capital is entering the market, converting into stablecoins like USDT and depositing into exchanges, waiting for an opportunity to buy Bitcoin and other crypto assets at the bottom. In fact, the total supply of stablecoins grew by about $30 billion in Q1 2025, with the total market cap rising back above $230 billion. Tether has also issued multiple times in April, providing "ammunition" for the market. With the return of capital, Bitcoin's price has stabilized, repeatedly testing support and resistance areas above $80K.

The interaction between on-chain data and price further confirms the accumulation behavior of large holders at the bottom. About 63% of Bitcoin has not moved on-chain for over a year, reaching one of the highest levels in history, indicating that the vast majority of chips are locked by committed holders. The large-scale buying and concentration of holdings by whales, the decrease in supply from exchanges, and the clearing of panic selling all align with the characteristics of past cycle bottoms. As long as the macro environment does not present unexpected negative factors, BTC is expected to regain upward momentum and enter a new upward cycle.

5. The Impact of the Macroeconomic Environment and Policies

The correlation between the crypto market and the macroeconomic environment is becoming increasingly evident. The capital flows of whales and institutions in April, in addition to responding to the technical aspects of prices, are also deeply influenced by macro policies and market sentiment.

1. Federal Reserve Interest Rate Policy and Liquidity Expectations

The Federal Reserve's monetary policy directly affects the global liquidity environment, thereby indirectly influencing the capital flows of risk assets like Bitcoin. From 2022 to 2023, the Federal Reserve significantly raised interest rates and reduced its balance sheet, putting pressure on the crypto market. However, the situation began to change at the end of 2024: the Federal Reserve started to lower interest rates at its last meeting in 2024, and then in early 2025, it maintained the federal funds rate at 4.25%-4.50% for two consecutive meetings. At the FOMC meeting on March 19, Powell announced that there would be no interest rate hike for the time being, while also lowering economic growth expectations and raising inflation forecasts, indicating an increase in uncertainty regarding the economic outlook. The Fed's dot plot indicates that it is expected to lower rates twice in 2025, with rates dropping to around 3.9% by the end of 2025. Additionally, the Fed announced a slowdown in the balance sheet reduction process starting in April, effectively injecting a signal of easing into the market.

This policy shift is favorable for the crypto market: a peak and subsequent decline in interest rates means an improvement in the liquidity environment, enhancing investors' risk appetite for the future. The market is more focused on the potential rate-cutting cycle of the Federal Reserve: many institutions (such as JPMorgan) predict that if economic downward pressure increases, the Fed may even implement "significant rate cuts" in the second half of 2025. The expectation of rate cuts has sparked investors' imaginations about liquidity-driven market trends, with some views suggesting that the Fed's dovish turn could replicate the script of the massive liquidity injection following 2020, leading to a new bull market. Overall, the Fed's policy shift provides a favorable macro backdrop for this round of bottom formation, although short-term noise may still cause temporary disturbances in capital flows.

2. Global Economic and Geopolitical Factors: Trade Policies, Recession Expectations, etc.

Another recent macro factor is the changing trade environment. After Trump's return to the White House, a tough stance on tariffs was adopted, and in early April, the Trump administration unexpectedly announced large-scale tariffs, causing a surge in market risk aversion and triggering tensions in financial markets. However, after several days of turbulence, the White House introduced a 90-day tariff suspension measure, leaving room for negotiations. This erratic policy has led to significant volatility in traditional markets, which has also affected the crypto market. Bitcoin demonstrated a certain degree of safe-haven properties during this event: as trade frictions intensified and global stock markets fell, whales viewed Bitcoin as a store of value and accelerated their purchases. This "risk hedging" behavior reflects a shift in investor sentiment—an increasing number of people are viewing BTC as an asset to hedge against macro turmoil rather than purely a speculative risk.

Recession expectations are also a significant current macro topic. The IMF recently downgraded its global growth forecasts, with most economies showing signs of slowing under high interest rate environments. In the U.S., the inversion of long and short-term bond yields continues, exacerbating the likelihood of an economic recession in 2025-2026. For the crypto market, a mild recession may not be a bad thing: central banks are likely to counteract this through rate cuts and possible quantitative easing, which would benefit liquidity-sensitive Bitcoin. However, if a severe economic crisis or systemic financial risk occurs, it could lead to a liquidity squeeze in the short term, prompting investors to sell off all assets, including cryptocurrencies. If a situation similar to the Silicon Valley Bank incident in early 2023 reoccurs, or if European banks face issues, it could undermine investor confidence and trigger large on-chain sell-offs.

3. Policy and Regulatory Environment

In the first half of 2025, crypto regulation has shown a dual nature: on one hand, the U.S. SEC's scrutiny of altcoins and exchanges remains strict, while on the other hand, policies related to Bitcoin ETFs and institutional reports are becoming increasingly friendly. For example, after the SEC approved the first Bitcoin spot ETF at the end of 2024, several similar products are queued for listing in 2025, providing a convenient channel for traditional capital to enter the market. As a result, Bitcoin has gained more favor among institutional investors, and an increase in ETF shares equates to an indirect increase in on-chain holdings. Europe is also implementing the MiCA regulation, which, after establishing a clear framework, has allowed some compliant asset management firms to allocate Bitcoin.

At the national level, on March 7, 2025, President Trump signed an executive order establishing a "strategic Bitcoin reserve," using approximately 200,000 seized Bitcoins as reserve assets and authorizing the Treasury and Commerce Departments to develop budget-neutral strategies to acquire more Bitcoin. El Salvador became the first country in the world to adopt Bitcoin as legal tender, implementing this policy since September 2021 and actively purchasing Bitcoin under the leadership of President Nayib Bukele. The government has implemented a plan to "buy 1 BTC daily," continuously increasing its holdings regardless of market prices. According to a report from March 2025, El Salvador holds approximately 5,800 BTC. Bhutan holds Bitcoin through its government-owned Druk Holding & Investments fund, with approximately 13,029 BTC as of February 2025.

Overall, the current policy environment is easing and leaning towards favorable, with the promotion of central bank digital currencies and the relaxation of institutional entry permissions benefiting Bitcoin's long-term value proposition.

6. Conclusion and Outlook

First, the capital flows on-chain, whether from whales, large institutions, or small and medium investors, exhibit typical bottom characteristics: chips are shifting from short-term speculators to long-term value investors. Traditional financial institutions are also taking advantage of the adjustment to position themselves, with Bitcoin integrating into a broader institutional asset portfolio. The continued accumulation by BlackRock and Strategy indicates that institutions and enterprises are optimistic about the long-term value of BTC.

Second, the correlation between price trends and on-chain indicators validates the bottoming judgment: Bitcoin is receiving strong support in the $74K-$75K range, with multiple indicators showing that an important "value consensus" has formed at this price level. Subsequently, the price rebounded above $80K and consolidated, during which time the process of digesting previous selling pressure and consolidating the bottom took place. On-chain activity has moderately rebounded without overheating, indicating that market participants are gradually returning but remain rational and cautious. As time progresses, the market is expected to complete energy accumulation during high-level consolidation and initiate a new upward trend.

The macro environment has provided a "tailwind" for bottom formation. The Fed's pause on interest rate hikes and expectations of rate cuts, along with the Trump administration's tariff suspension, have alleviated systemic risks in the market. Global liquidity is expected to loosen again, and market sentiment has rebounded from extreme fear to a slightly cautious neutral state. Historical experience shows that periods of extreme fear often precede turning points.

However, several potential variables still need to be monitored. First, if new macro shocks occur (such as escalating geopolitical conflicts or financial crises in major economies), they could interrupt the bottoming process and lead to further declines. Second, technical trends need confirmation: only when Bitcoin effectively breaks through the 200-day moving average on daily charts and consistently holds above key resistance can the bottom be fully confirmed. Until then, the possibility of range-bound fluctuations cannot be ruled out. Third, continuous monitoring of on-chain indicators is necessary: if signs of whales starting to reduce holdings or a sudden increase in BTC on exchanges are detected, caution should be exercised.

In summary, various signs indicate that Bitcoin has essentially completed its bottoming process in April 2025, and the market is transitioning from panic to rebuilding confidence. Meanwhile, both macro and internal market conditions are gradually improving, with the potential to restart an upward trend and reach new highs in the near future.

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