# I. Outlook

## 1. Summary of Macroeconomic Trends and Future Predictions

Last week, the core of the U.S. macroeconomic landscape focused on the implementation of policy direction and the revalidation of inflationary pressures. On January 29, the Federal Reserve maintained the upper limit of interest rates as expected, continuing the tone of "wait-and-see but no further tightening," confirming that the rate hike cycle has ended and future actions will depend on data.

Looking ahead, macroeconomic attention will shift from "direction confirmation" to rhythm and patience. If CPI/PCE continues to gently decline and employment further cools, the Federal Reserve will gradually open up more space for a clearer shift towards easing within the year; however, in the context of persistent service inflation and sticky wages, the policy rhythm is more likely to be gradual. For the market, short-term macroeconomic factors no longer pose a systemic downside, but it is also difficult to provide strong stimulus, and asset prices will become more sensitive to single data points. True trend changes will still require sustained resonance between inflation and employment.

## 2. Market Movements and Warnings in the Cryptocurrency Industry

Last week, the cryptocurrency market experienced a significant acceleration in decline, with sentiment and prices spiraling out of control. After being long hindered by the $100,000 resistance level, Bitcoin saw concentrated selling pressure released, resulting in a series of sharp declines throughout the week, with key support levels being quickly breached, and the decline exhibited characteristics of a transition from a slow drop to a rapid fall. Trading volume significantly increased during the decline, indicating that this was not merely a correction, but rather a simultaneous occurrence of deleveraging and forced liquidations. Mainstream coins generally fell sharply, with altcoins and MEME sectors suffering particularly severe losses, as most tokens experienced double-digit declines, leading to a drastic contraction in market risk appetite.

In terms of warnings, this round of sharp declines marks a shift in the market from "consolidation below resistance levels" to an emotion-driven downward phase. In the short term, if Bitcoin cannot quickly reclaim key lost ground and stabilize, panic sentiment may continue, and volatility will remain high. Coupled with a cautious outlook on macro liquidity, once risk assets come under pressure overall, the cryptocurrency market may continue to amplify declines. Overall, it is not advisable to underestimate the inertia of the downward trend at this stage; before deleveraging is fully completed, one should be wary of the risks of a second sharp drop or prolonged low-level consumption.

## 3. Industry and Sector Hotspots

A total of $6 million in financing, led by Hashkey, for the AMM decentralized exchange Magma Finance, which is a cutting-edge AMM DEX designed for blockchains based on the MOVE language; a total of $2 million in financing, led by Mint with participation from 90S, for Pheasant Network, a DeFAI project dedicated to building an interoperable protocol that realizes an AI-driven Intent mechanism.

# II. Market Hotspot Sectors and Potential Projects of the Week

## 1. Overview of Potential Projects

1.1. Analysis of $6 Million Financing, Led by Hashkey—Magma Finance, an AMM DEX Achieving CEX-Level Experience on MOVE Chains

Introduction

Magma Finance is a cutting-edge AMM decentralized exchange (DEX) designed for blockchains based on the MOVE language.

Magma focuses on building a sustainable liquidity incentive engine, aligning the interests of traders, governance participants, and liquidity providers, aiming to create a decentralized trading platform that leads in user experience and capital efficiency.

Core Mechanism Overview

CLMM (Concentrated Liquidity Market Maker)

Magma Finance's Concentrated Liquidity Market Maker (CLMM) is a high capital efficiency automated market-making mechanism that allows liquidity providers (LPs) to concentrate liquidity deployment within specific price ranges. This approach gives LPs greater control over capital allocation and has the potential to earn higher fee revenues at the same liquidity scale.
Unlike traditional AMMs that distribute liquidity uniformly from zero to infinity, CLMM allows LPs to allocate funds in price ranges they believe are most active, thereby improving capital efficiency and providing deeper liquidity for traders at critical price points.

Key features include:

• Concentrated Liquidity: LPs can provide liquidity within custom price ranges, enhancing capital efficiency;

• Flexible Fee Tiers: Multiple fee options to compensate for different risk levels;

• Transferable Liquidity Positions: LP positions represented as NFTs, which can be traded and transferred.

1. Mechanism Core

• Concentrated Liquidity: LPs can concentrate funds within specific price ranges, significantly enhancing capital efficiency and avoiding idle funds in less likely price ranges.

• Price Ranges & Ticks: Prices are not continuous but consist of discrete ticks; LPs provide liquidity between the upper and lower ticks, and liquidity is only active when the market price is within that range.

• Liquidity Position NFTization: Each concentrated liquidity position is unique and minted as an NFT, recording position parameters and fees, making it tradable and transferable, expanding secondary markets and advanced DeFi use cases.

2. Liquidity Supply Mechanism

Providing liquidity in Magma Finance's CLMM hinges on customizing price ranges:

• Setting Price Ranges: Define the minimum and maximum prices for liquidity to take effect; narrow ranges enhance capital efficiency but carry higher risk, while wider ranges are more stable but less efficient.

• Depositing Assets: If the current price is within the range, two types of assets must be deposited; if below the range, only the quoted asset is deposited; if above the range, only the base asset is deposited.

• Minting Position NFT: After confirming the transaction, an NFT representing that liquidity position is generated for managing liquidity and collecting fees.

3. Swap Mechanism

Magma's Swap mechanism is based on the concentrated liquidity design of Ticks and price ranges, allowing LPs to provide active liquidity only at specific price points, thus earning higher fees and reducing impermanent loss within target ranges.

• Ticks and Price Ranges: Prices are divided into discrete ticks, and LPs can concentrate liquidity within selected tick ranges, only being effective within that range and earning higher fees.

• Price Impact: Large trades can push price changes when liquidity is insufficient; the system provides impact estimates to enhance trading transparency.

• Slippage: The difference between expected price and execution price; users can set slippage tolerance, and if exceeded, the transaction will roll back.

• Aggregator: Aggregates liquidity from multiple DEXs and can select routes to optimize prices and reduce slippage.

ALMM (Adaptive Liquidity Market Maker)

Magma's ALMM (Adaptive Liquidity Market Maker) is an evolution of traditional AMMs and CLMMs, concentrating liquidity at fixed price points based on price tiers (Bins) to form a ladder-like curve similar to an order book. Compared to CLMM's range management:

• Higher Capital Efficiency: Discrete Bins eliminate ineffective price ranges, avoiding liquidity wastage.

• Dynamic Fees: Fees adjust adaptively with market fluctuations (unlike CLMM's fixed rates).

• Simplified LP Experience: No need for complex price range management.

• Zero Slippage within Ranges: Trades within active Bins execute at fixed prices.

1. Bin (Price Tier) Architecture

The core of Magma ALMM is the Bin (Price Tier) architecture:

• Bin Architecture: Liquidity is divided into multiple discrete Bins, each corresponding to a fixed price point.

• Fixed Price Execution: Within a Bin, transactions occur at zero slippage using constants and formulas (X+Y=k), until one asset is exhausted.

• Active Bins: Only active Bins hold both types of assets simultaneously and generate trades and fees; left and right Bins hold single assets.

• Bin Step: Determines the price difference between adjacent Bins; smaller steps are more granular and managed more frequently, while larger steps are better suited for high-volatility pairs.

• Concentrated Liquidity: LPs can allocate funds to Bins within selected price ranges, using capital only in high-frequency trading intervals to maximize fee revenues.

2. Trading Mechanism

Magma's ALMM trading mechanism is based on Bins (Price Tiers):

• Trading Process: First, use liquidity from active Bins to execute trades at fixed prices; if exhausted, switch to the next Bin.

• Price Impact: Only occurs when trades push prices across Bins.

• Slippage: Zero slippage within a single Bin; slippage occurs only when crossing multiple Bins.

• Active Bin Mechanism: Only active Bins hold both types of assets simultaneously and support trading, using constants and formulas (X+Y=k).

• Effect: Ladder-like execution simulates limit order books while maintaining the decentralization and composability of AMMs.

3. Liquidity Supply Mechanism

Magma ALMM allows LPs to distribute funds across multiple price Bins through different liquidity shapes (Liquidity Shapes), enabling a range of strategies from passive to highly active.

• Liquidity Shapes: Refers to how LPs allocate liquidity within price Bin ranges to achieve different strategies.

• Spot (Uniform Type): Uniformly distributes liquidity within selected ranges; robust strategy with balanced risk, suitable for beginners or wide-range market making.

• Curve (Curved Type): Concentrates more liquidity near the current price, gradually decreasing further away; high capital efficiency with significant fee potential, but more sensitive to price changes.

• Bid-Ask / Inverse Curve: Concentrates liquidity in Bins far from the current price, often used for unilateral liquidity; enables advanced strategies like "buy low, sell high" or DCA.

Tron Commentary

Magma Finance's core advantage lies in its advanced liquidity system built around the MOVE ecosystem, utilizing Bin architecture, zero-slippage range trading, dynamic fees, and programmable liquidity shapes to significantly enhance capital efficiency and trading experience while reducing operational complexity for LPs and maintaining order book-level precision; its first-mover advantage on MOVE chains like Sui positions it to become a core liquidity layer in the ecosystem.

However, its disadvantage is the high complexity of the model, requiring greater understanding of strategies and risk management from LPs. Bin management and cross-bin price fluctuations may still amplify risks in high-volatility markets, and the overall size and user base of the MOVE ecosystem remain small, necessitating ecosystem maturity to validate liquidity depth and long-term stability.

1.2. Interpretation of $2 Million Financing, Led by Mint with Participation from 90S—Pheasant Network, a DeFAI Protocol Reshaping Cross-Chain Experience with AI Intent

Introduction

Pheasant Network is a DeFAI project dedicated to building an interoperable protocol that realizes an AI-driven Intent mechanism.

The protocol seamlessly connects fragmented blockchain ecosystems while ensuring security, thereby enhancing cross-chain interoperability and simplifying cross-chain interaction processes.

Architecture Overview

Pheasant Bridge

Pheasant Bridge is a cross-chain bridge protocol centered around Intent, using AI-driven AIntent logic to understand user and application goals, automatically selecting the optimal and safest cross-chain paths, unifying Layer 2 infrastructure, and connecting to the Ethereum ecosystem. Its optimistic Bridge-as-a-Service (BaaS) provides native integration capabilities for developers, combining low-cost, decentralized design with real-time network adaptive optimization to deliver a smoother and more predictable cross-chain experience.

1. L2→L1 / L2→L2 Cross-Chain Uses an Optimistic Relayer Model:

• Default Process: Relayers stake liquidity to BondManager (L2 bridge contract); users submit transfer requests in the source chain contract; relayers directly transfer to user addresses on the target chain; relayers submit proof generated from transaction hashes to withdraw user-locked assets.

• Fraud Handling: Contesting parties stake assets to initiate challenges; relayers must submit evidence within a specified time; if relayers are legitimate, contesting parties are penalized; otherwise, contesting parties can punish relayers and reclaim assets.

2. L1→L2 Cross-Chain

Pheasant employs a different mechanism for L1→L2 cross-chain to avoid the high costs associated with deploying custodial contracts on the L1 side.

• Default Process: Relayers stake liquidity to BondManager (L2 bridge contract); users directly transfer assets to the relayer's EOA on L1; relayers generate proof based on transaction hashes and send assets to users via the L2 bridge contract.

• Fraud Handling: If relayers fail to send assets to L2 within the specified time, the system can penalize them (Slash) to protect user rights.

3. Circle's Cross-Chain Transfer Protocol (CCTP)

Pheasant Network employs a dual-track mechanism for USDC cross-chain:

• Mechanism Selection: Small amounts of USDC use the optimistic protocol; large amounts of USDC automatically use CCTP.

• CCTP Process:

• Users burn (Destroy) USDC on the source chain via contracts;

• Relayers request authorization from CCTP certification services;

• Upon approval, mint USDC on the target chain;

• Newly minted USDC is credited to the user's target chain account.

Pheasant Swap

Pheasant Swap is a cross-chain exchange protocol that combines cross-chain bridging and asset swapping into a single operation, allowing users to complete cross-network asset exchanges in one transaction. This integrated design reduces liquidity and process fragmentation in multi-chain ecosystems, significantly enhancing the efficiency of cross-chain transactions and overall user experience.

The architecture of Pheasant Swap consists of four main components:

• DApp: A decentralized application with cross-chain exchange functionality. The DApp uses the Pheasant SDK to quote exchange requests and submits them to the PheasantNetworkSwap contract for execution.

• DEX Protocol: A decentralized exchange protocol integrated with Pheasant Network, receiving exchange requests from the PheasantNetworkSwap contract, completing transactions, and returning results to the DApp.

• PheasantNetworkSwap Contract: A smart contract responsible for coordinating and executing the exchange process, routing requests to the appropriate DEX protocol.

• Relayer: Tracks the entire process of the exchange from initiation to completion; if the exchange is successful, the relayer extracts the corresponding fees; if it fails, the relayer refunds the transaction fees to the user.

Tron Commentary

Pheasant Network's core advantage lies in its AI-driven Intent architecture, integrating cross-chain bridging and cross-chain swapping into one, automatically selecting the optimal path through AIntent, achieving a lower-cost, higher-efficiency, and more user-friendly cross-chain experience in L1↔L2 and L2↔L2 scenarios; its optimistic relayer model, punitive mechanisms, and dual-track USDC solution with CCTP dynamically balance speed and security, while providing developers with modular Bridge/Swap-as-a-Service capabilities, significantly reducing the complexity of multi-chain integration.

However, its disadvantage is the overall complexity of the system architecture, which relies on the activity of the relayer network, the effectiveness of the game-theoretic mechanisms, and the AI path selection; early-stage stability in terms of liquidity depth, network coverage, and extreme scenarios still needs to be validated through scaled operations and time.

## 2. Detailed Explanation of Key Projects of the Week

2.1. Detailed Explanation of $48.5 Million Financing, Led by Polychain and Dragonfly, with Follow-On from VanEck—DAWN, a Bandwidth Market Protocol Breaking Internet Wholesale-Retail Price Gaps with Token Incentives

Introduction

DAWN is a protocol driven by token incentives, utilizing the latest technology to build a new "ultimate internet," with goals including:

• Allowing users to connect directly to Internet Exchange (IX) centers without any trusted intermediaries;

• Narrowing the gap between wholesale and retail internet prices by up to 100 times;

• Enhancing network resilience by eliminating reliance on a single path through the use of distributed home nodes.

This new last-mile internet consists of three core components:

1. Incentive Mechanism: Rewards participants based on their contributions and performance in the network, covering roles such as data centers, building owners, and network equipment deployers;

2. Decentralized Consensus Mechanism: Such as "Proof of Bandwidth" and "Proof of Location," providing cryptoeconomic guarantees for network performance;

3. Bandwidth Market: Allows node operators to buy and sell network connection capabilities, enabling home nodes to earn substantial returns by saving internet costs and reselling bandwidth, turning network deployment into a profitable investment.

DAWN Architecture Overview

The DAWN protocol aims to build a self-healing, multi-gigabit, autonomous last-mile wireless network through the deployment of rooftop robotic radio devices.

Its core goal is to create a decentralized fixed internet connection method, fundamentally liberating users from dependence on traditional Internet Service Provider (ISP) monopolies.

1. Node Types

Participants in the DAWN network play at least one of the following roles:

① Bandwidth Node (BN)

• Must possess resalable wholesale-level internet bandwidth (e.g., IP Transit or Internet Exchange access);

• Deploy DAWN-certified >1Gbps point-to-multipoint radio devices;

• Provide downstream connections within a maximum 5-mile line-of-sight range;

• A single BN can serve 15–100 receiving nodes.

② Distribution Node (DN)

• Typically commercial or residential buildings;

• Connect to one or more BNs via rooftop robotic antenna systems (RAS);

• Can simultaneously connect in real-time with multiple BNs or other DNs;

• Form the core layer of DAWN's programmable, self-healing wireless network.

③ End User (EN)

• The final user who obtains and uses bandwidth from DNs.

④ Foundation

• Controls DAWN's core smart contracts through multi-signature;

• Responsible for key functions at the global network layer, including:

• Node identity and authentication

• Blockchain and inter-node communication

• Compliance and regulation

• QoS (Quality of Service) monitoring

• Payment, settlement, and transaction processing, etc.

2. Wireless Devices and Robotic Antenna Systems (RAS)

• Vendor-agnostic: DAWN does not bind to specific hardware suppliers;

• Initially focuses on supporting multi-gigabit wireless technologies such as 60GHz millimeter wave and 6GHz frequency bands;

• BN and DN combine point-to-multipoint + point-to-point radios and antennas;

• Dynamically propagates connections in the last mile through electromechanical beam steering.

This entire hardware and software system is referred to as the Robotic Antenna System (RAS), characterized by:

• Supporting any future generation of wireless hardware;

• Deployable without professional human intervention;

• Low-cost, self-healing, and rapidly scalable;

• Suitable for trustless decentralized environments.

3. Routing and Network Layer Design

DAWN does not use traditional dedicated routing hardware but employs:

• General-purpose computing devices + Cloud-Native Routing;

• Future home routers will evolve into general-purpose home servers rather than closed MIPS/ARM devices;

• Based on node performance requirements, software routing solutions such as VPP, Quagga, BIRD, and FRR will be adopted.

Network Protocol Selection

• IPv6 as the primary Layer 3 protocol;

• IPv4 supported in dual-stack mode, introducing a staking mechanism to reflect IPv4 address scarcity;

• Using eBGP and its security features to manage network traffic;

• Each node logically resembles an independent autonomous system (AS), naturally compatible with internet backbone designs.

Network Trust and Verification Mechanism

A key feature of DAWN is its use of a trustless cryptoeconomic incentive mechanism to replace the reputation systems and manual accounting found in traditional centralized networks.

In the wireless network scenario, this means not relying on operators to self-report performance but objectively measuring node performance through "Proofs of Network Resources," with the core being Proof of Bandwidth.

DAWN chooses to access the decentralized proof network provided by Witness Chain:

• Witness Chain has built a mature proof system for bandwidth, data usage, location, etc.;

• This network is secured by re-staked ETH (with a scale in the tens of billions);

• DAWN directly subscribes to these proofs for network settlement and incentives.

1. Three Types of Service Contracts in DAWN

The DAWN protocol defines three core contract relationships, all settled in DAWN Tokens:

Federal Contracts

• From Foundation → Network Nodes;

• Used for global incentives, subsidies, and guiding network expansion.

Backbone Contracts

• Bandwidth Node (BN) ↔ Distribution Node (DN);

• Represent agreements between wholesale-level bandwidth and downstream distribution.

Access Contracts

• Distribution Node (DN) ↔ End User (EN);

• Represent bandwidth usage agreements for end users.

2. Network Resource Proof System

DAWN abstracts "network performance" into verifiable resource proofs, mainly including the following categories:

1. Proof of Backhaul

• Essentially a decentralized speed measurement system;

• Challenger nodes send data packets to BN/DN, measuring:

• Throughput

• Latency

• Results are used to determine:

• Bandwidth reservation amounts

• Oversell ratios

• Completely decentralized, without requiring operators to self-report.

2. Proof of Service

• A decentralized data measurement and settlement system;

• Used to replace traditional ISPs' centralized billing systems;

• Both parties (supplier and user) submit signed usage data;

• The system automatically deducts fees and settles after reconciliation;

• Achieved through permissionless payment channel contracts.

3. Proof of Location

Used to ensure that nodes are genuinely located at their declared geographical positions, employing a two-layer verification mechanism:

First Layer (Wired Location Proof):

• Based on network latency and path characteristics;

• Uses the challenge node network of Witness Chain;

• Combines internet latency-distance curve models to verify the approximate location of BN.

Second Layer (Wireless Precision Location):

• Based on decentralized radio triangulation;

• GNSS (e.g., GPS) as a backup solution;

• Suitable for precise positioning of BN and DN.

4. Proof of Frequency

Used to address spectrum coordination issues in unregulated bands like 60GHz:

• Nodes must stake tokens to gain exclusive rights to use a specific frequency band;

• Neighboring nodes will scan the spectrum to verify the absence of interference;

• Verifiers receive rewards through smart contracts;

• The Foundation provides:

• Terrain/Obstacle Data (Clutter Data)

• GIS Challenge Tasks

• Nodes verify based on encrypted local data:

• Signal Strength (RSSI)

• Whether the propagation model is reasonable

• Ultimately forming a trustless wireless propagation heatmap to determine available frequency bands.

Tron Commentary

DAWN's core advantage lies in its foundation on cryptoeconomics, combining decentralized verification mechanisms such as Proof of Bandwidth, Proof of Location, and Proof of Frequency to construct a trustless last-mile internet network, enabling homes, buildings, and data centers to directly participate in network construction and profit distribution, structurally breaking the monopoly of traditional ISPs, significantly lowering internet access costs and enhancing network resilience; its self-healing wireless architecture, vendor-agnostic design, and Solana-based high-performance settlement provide good scalability and capital efficiency.

However, its disadvantage is the high entry threshold, with strong reliance on hardware deployment, line-of-sight conditions, and local regulations; service quality may be unstable during early network density insufficiencies, while the complex proof system and multi-role collaboration mechanisms also increase system design, operation, and user understanding costs, requiring time and continuous incentives for scaled promotion.

# III. Industry Data Analysis

1. Overall Market Performance

1.1. Spot BTC vs ETH Price Trends

BTC

ETH

2. Summary of Hot Sectors

# IV. Macroeconomic Data Review and Key Data Release Points for Next Week

On January 29, the Federal Reserve's interest rate decision maintained the upper limit unchanged as expected, which did not bring any surprises at the policy level. The market was more focused on "no further hawkishness," consistent with the backdrop of falling inflation and cooling employment. The decision reinforced the neutral dovish tone of "the rate hike cycle has ended, but rate cuts still await data." U.S. stocks reacted positively but cautiously, with indices oscillating at high levels, indicating that funds recognize the direction of the policy turning point but have not significantly increased positions, maintaining existing long positions instead.

The December PPI annual rate released on January 30 continued to weaken, confirming that upstream price pressures are easing without transmitting new inflation risks to the CPI side. This data further alleviated concerns about inflation rebounding and left room for the Federal Reserve's subsequent policies. U.S. stocks interpreted this data positively, with risk appetite receiving marginal support, but the gains remained limited, reflecting that the current market is more concerned about growth and profitability rather than inflation out of control.

Overall, these two events jointly solidified an environment of "no further tightening in policy, and inflation is controllable," allowing U.S. stocks to maintain resilience at high levels rather than entering a trend of significant rise or fall.

Key macroeconomic data to be released this week:

February 6: U.S. January unemployment rate; U.S. January seasonally adjusted non-farm payrolls.

# V. Regulatory Policies

United States

• Legislative Progress: The U.S. Senate Agriculture Committee released an updated legislative text for the "Digital Commodity Intermediary Act" on January 21 (the text was discussed within the relevant time window). This text establishes a framework for digital commodity intermediary institutions (such as exchanges and brokers) to register with the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) and introduces an expedited registration process. Additionally, Congress is advancing a broader cryptocurrency market structure bill.

• Regulatory Dynamics: The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) approved a rule change submitted by Nasdaq BX, lifting restrictions on certain crypto assets; this change took effect immediately after submission on January 26.

European Union

• Implementation of New Tax Regulations: The EU directive DAC8, aimed at enhancing tax transparency, officially took effect on January 1, 2026. This directive requires cryptocurrency service providers to collect user tax information and report transactions. If users fail to provide the required information within 60 days, service providers must forcibly block them from conducting reportable transactions.

• Member State Actions: Germany has transposed DAC8 into domestic law through the "Cryptocurrency Tax Transparency Act," with core obligations including customer due diligence, annual transaction reporting, and registration with the Federal Central Tax Office.

Dubai

• New Regulatory Framework in Effect: The Dubai International Financial Centre launched a revamped regulatory framework for crypto tokens in mid-January. Major changes include: explicitly prohibiting the trading of privacy coins (such as Monero); strictly narrowing the scope of recognized fiat-backed stablecoins; and transferring token approval responsibilities to licensed institutions.

Japan

• International Tax Compliance: Japan will officially implement the "Crypto Asset Reporting Framework" (CARF) developed by the OECD starting January 1, 2026, aimed at sharing cryptocurrency transaction information internationally to enhance tax transparency. Domestic exchanges have begun notifying users to submit tax residency information.

China

• Regulatory and Risk Warnings: The Central Political and Legal Affairs Work Conference proposed to proactively study legislative suggestions regarding new issues such as virtual currencies, marking a new phase in the governance of virtual currencies. Concurrently, regulatory authorities in Heilongjiang, Hebei, Hunan, and other regions have issued risk alerts, warning against illegal financial activities under the guise of virtual currencies and RWA (real-world asset tokenization), and exposing common tactics such as investment scams, pyramid schemes, and money laundering.