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The blockchain infrastructure layer Espresso announced the completion of its mainnet upgrade. Benchmark tests show that its data throughput reaches 181 MB/s, which translates to approximately 1 million stablecoin transfers per second, based on an average of 180 bytes per transaction.The average final confirmation time for transactions is 337 milliseconds, and under peak load of 1 million transactions per second, it is 778 milliseconds.

According to The Block, holders of Starknet (STRK) supported a research proposal with over 93.5% of the voting power, which aims to explore the transformation of Starknet from an Ethereum Layer 2 network to an independent Layer 1 network with quantum resistance.StarkWare plans to release a draft white paper in November to further investigate the relevant technological pathways. It is important to note that this vote only supports the initiation of transformation research and does not mean that the transformation plan has been officially approved. Further governance approval will still be required to advance the related transformation.

According to the "X Layer Q3 2026 Fundamental Report" released by Principia Labs, the Ethereum Layer 2 network X Layer saw growth in on-chain activity and the scale of the DeFi ecosystem in the third quarter. Among them, TradeZone processed approximately 287 million transactions, which is 2.6 times the EVM transaction volume during the same period; the daily average number of EVM transactions increased by 262% month-over-month to 1.22 million.The report also shows that the total locked value in DeFi increased by 100% month-over-month to 173.4 million USD, and the revenue from ecological application transaction fees increased by 490% month-over-month to 1.86 million USD. The market capitalization of OKB increased by 53.8% month-over-month to 2.54 billion USD. Principia Labs believes that with the development of Exchange OS, X Layer is gradually forming a full-stack trading system covering on-chain transactions and DeFi applications.

LayerZero posted on platform X that its Layer1 blockchain Zero mainnet and trading engine lzATLAS will launch on November 30. lzATLAS is the first application to be launched on Zero, starting with Open ATLAS, and will support more than ten trading venues at launch, with more to be integrated within the year.LayerZero stated that the initial focus of the mainnet is on open markets, and institutions are already testing lzATLAS in large market scenarios such as the U.S. stock market. Various trading venues are integrating trading infrastructure and testing order execution and settlement.

A network startup company called Optimum, led by Professor Muriel Médard from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, announced that its block propagation software mump2p has officially launched on the Ethereum mainnet. The Ethereum liquid staking protocol ether.fi has made mump2p a mandatory requirement for all 12 of its node operators, whereas previously the software was optional for its operators.Optimum stated that there are currently 16 node operators running mump2p in production environments, collectively managing approximately 22,000 validator keys and over 1.4 million staked ETH, accounting for more than 3% of the total staked amount on Ethereum. Partners include Blockdaemon, Everstake, P2P.org, Stakefish, and Bitcoin Suisse. The software operates in a sidecar gateway manner, not replacing Ethereum's default GossipSub, but rather overlaying it on top of libp2p and utilizing random linear network coding technology. Optimum claims that the block arrival speed is 2.42 times faster than GossipSub, with an approximately 7.88 times reduction in arrival time variance.Rok Kopp, co-founder and Chief Growth Officer of ether.fi, stated that they will not require the entire validator set to adopt a new infrastructure unless they are confident that it can enhance the overall level of stakers and the network. Médard mentioned that traditional financial institutions invest billions of dollars to shorten execution times to the millisecond level because speed is money. Optimum launched its private testnet in June 2025, having previously completed a $11 million seed round financing led by 1kx, and plans to expand the protocol to other high-throughput blockchains after Ethereum.

Polygon announced the launch of Polygon CDK Besu, supporting banks and financial institutions to deploy private blockchains based on Hyperledger Besu, and connect to other blockchains and their liquidity through Agglayer from the outset. It currently supports deployment on the Ethereum mainnet.

According to a report by the Financial Associated Press, Microsoft has withdrawn from a large artificial intelligence data center project developed by the UK data center company Nscale in Essex, with reports indicating that the withdrawal is related to concerns over power supply. Officials from the UK National Grid had informed Nscale that the power supply for the data center is not expected to be in place until the 2030s. Nscale is exploring whether it can generate power on-site and whether it can expedite the grid connection process.The project was previously referred to by the UK government as the largest data center in the UK, originally scheduled to open next year. As of the report, the site still appears to be just a scaffolding yard. Microsoft had originally planned to fund the construction of a supercomputer, but the collaboration has now been terminated. Following the termination of the related computing power transaction, Nscale lost its only publicly announced client for the data center in Essex. Nscale stated that its relationship with Microsoft remains strong and long-lasting, and the two parties will continue to collaborate on other overseas projects, with Microsoft still participating in another project in Norway.The Starmer government highlighted this project when announcing the UK's 2025 artificial intelligence strategy, calling it the largest autonomous artificial intelligence data center in the UK. Nscale has received support from several tech companies, including Nvidia, and plans to go public in the US this year, with a valuation potentially reaching $35 billion.

According to Bloomberg, Hyperliquid Labs co-founder Jeff Yan is seeking the United States to establish rules that can protect its blockchain. He believes that Hyperliquid's regulatory responsibilities should fall on the financial institutions operating markets based on that blockchain, namely the application layer, rather than the blockchain network itself. This regulatory division allows Hyperliquid to enter Wall Street without bearing the full compliance burden of traditional exchanges.Jeff Yan also stated that Hyperliquid is currently not open to U.S. customers, and Hyperliquid prefers to be the underlying trading technology used by traditional financial institutions, rather than replacing existing market participants, positioning itself similarly to how Amazon Web Services (AWS) provides computing infrastructure for businesses.

LayerZero Labs, in collaboration with the a16z Crypto research team, Carnegie Mellon University, and Imperial College London, has released new research results called Aerie, aimed at enhancing the aggregation efficiency of post-quantum cryptography signatures. According to the introduction, Aerie is built on the previously launched lattice-based polynomial commitment scheme Akita.On a MacBook Pro equipped with the Apple M4 Max chip, using 16 CPU cores without GPU acceleration, it can aggregate 32,768 Falcon-512 signatures in 0.65 seconds, with peak memory usage of approximately 2.1 GiB. LayerZero states that compared to the previous Orthus scheme, Aerie's proof generation speed has improved by about 1.5 times, verification speed has increased by 38 times, and proof size has been reduced by about 1.7 times. Additionally, Aerie supports the aggregation of ML-DSA signatures standardized by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), with specific performance data to be announced later. This research aims to provide a technical path for achieving low-latency, post-quantum secure consensus on blockchain without the need for dedicated hardware.

According to official news, Metis Andromeda will make two adjustments in October: support for Stargate will be terminated on October 23, and LayerZero V1 related routing should be disabled by that date; starting October 30, LayerZero Labs' DVN (Decentralized Verification Network) and Executor will no longer provide services for Metis. Additionally, the Stargate V1 liquidity pool will close on December 15 across all chains.The official statement indicates that most holders do not need to take action. m.USDC, m.USDT, WETH, and METIS are issued by Metis's native cross-chain bridge and are unrelated to Stargate; minting and redemption will proceed as usual, and the Ethereum ↔ Metis native cross-chain bridge will also remain unaffected. Users providing liquidity to the Stargate liquidity pool on Metis must withdraw their liquidity before October 23. If there is any staking, it must be unstaked first, and then users should select the Metis Andromeda network in the Stargate application to withdraw.

Apple's first foldable smartphone, the iPhone Duo, saw its shipping time delayed to December or even later just minutes after pre-orders opened. Strong demand and supply constraints made it difficult to purchase the device priced at $1,999 when it officially launched on October 23. The Apple online store shows that the shipping time for all versions of the iPhone Duo has been postponed.

According to Bloomberg, Jeff Yan, co-founder of Hyperliquid Labs, is seeking the United States to establish rules that can protect its blockchain.He believes that the regulatory responsibilities of Hyperliquid should fall on the financial institutions operating in the market based on that blockchain, namely the application layer, rather than on the blockchain network itself. This regulatory division would allow Hyperliquid to enter Wall Street without having to bear the full compliance burden of traditional exchanges.

Lightning Labs announced the launch of LayerTree on the X platform, which is a non-custodial scaling solution based on Bitcoin that can connect with the Lightning Network.According to the introduction, LayerTree utilizes Covenants technology, allowing a single UTXO to be shared by up to 1 million users. Users do not need to stay online to receive funds and can exit at any time through a single transaction, with funds not expiring due to timeouts.

Lido announced the integration of direct ETH staking functionality for Arbitrum, Base, Linea, and Optimism Layer 2 networks into its official staking interface, which was announced on October 15. This process is supported by Chainlink's cross-chain interoperability protocol CCIP, allowing users to directly obtain wstETH on the originating network without manually transferring ETH across chains to Ethereum and back.Lido stated that users' ETH will be exchanged for wstETH through dedicated liquidity pools on the same L2, with the Chainlink price feed reflecting the exchange rate of the Lido protocol rather than the exchange market price. The underlying staking still occurs on the Ethereum mainnet: the ETH deposited by users on L2 will automatically be transferred to Ethereum and staked through Lido, after which wstETH will be sent back to replenish the local liquidity pool. Users receive the wrapped version of stETH, wstETH, which maintains a fixed balance while its value reflects staking rewards.This functionality integrates existing cross-chain infrastructure into Lido's own interface. Lido previously introduced relevant channels for Arbitrum, Base, and Optimism in October 2024, with third-party frontends including XSwap, OpenOcean, and Interport, while Linea followed up in October 2025. In terms of fees, users will still need to pay L2 transaction gas, and cross-chain costs come from the separately funded contract balance rather than staker deposits;

According to Catcher Predict monitoring, in the market prediction event on Polymarket "LoL: Team WE vs HANJIN BRION - Demacia Cup Global Invitation Playoffs", the "Is" option win rate for the sub-market "Any Player Pentakill" has experienced a sharp fluctuation, dropping from 50% an hour ago to the current 20% (a fluctuation of 30%). Please note the impact of related breaking news.

According to the latest weekly report from Binance Research, since August 31, the yield on the 10-year U.S. Treasury has risen by 47 basis points, of which 43 basis points came from an increase in real yields, while the inflation breakeven rate only rose by 4 basis points. The 10-year real yield once reached 2.95%, the highest since 2008.The weekly report also pointed out that since the interest rate hike in September, BTC has risen by 9.3%, ETH by 2.7%, and Layer 2, RWA, and AI tokens have increased by approximately 32%, 29%, and 29%, respectively, while meme and payment tokens have performed relatively poorly.Binance Research stated that the current high real interest rates still exert a suppressive effect on a wide range of risk assets, and future attention should focus on CPI, long-term U.S. Treasury yields, and BTC ETF fund flows.

According to Catcher Predict monitoring, in the market prediction event on Polymarket "LoL: KT Rolster vs Team Vitality - Demacia Cup Global Invitation Playoffs," the "Yes" option win rate for the sub-market "Any Player Pentakill" has experienced a dramatic fluctuation, rising from 7.5% an hour ago to the current 50% (a fluctuation of 42.5%). Please note the impact of related breaking news.

TrendForce reported on October 12, citing Chosun Biz, that as AI packaging accommodates more computing and storage chips, the intermediary layer connecting computing chips and HBM is expected to significantly increase in size, making next-generation HBM cooling more important. Samsung Electronics is preparing multiple technologies to address the cooling challenges of HBM4E, which is scheduled to begin mass production next year.Currently, the area of the AI intermediary layer is about 5.5 times the maximum exposure area of 858 square millimeters of an EUV lithography machine. Semiconductor equipment industry insiders expect that the intermediary layer carrying HBM could expand to 9 times, 12 times that area, and ultimately about 40 times. Reasons include limitations in process miniaturization and the popularity of chiplet-style 2.5D packaging, where multiple computing chiplets and HBM stacks are placed on the same intermediary layer, making it difficult for a single advanced process chip to meet AI computing power demands.Samsung is considering hybrid copper bonding and thermal path blocks. The former replaces the micro bumps between stacked DRAM chips with direct copper-to-copper connections, which can reduce inter-layer gaps, make the stack thinner, and improve heat dissipation, a technology Samsung showcased at NVIDIA GTC in March 2026. The thermal path block establishes a dedicated thermal path in the D2D PHY area responsible for high-speed transmission between HBM base chips and GPUs, which Samsung is validating with HBM4E and plans to implement in HBM5. According to ETNews, SK Hynix's iHBM places high thermal conductivity but electrically insulating cooling materials around the heat-concentrated D2D PHY, which is expected to reduce thermal resistance by about 30%.

Circle's Layer 1 blockchain Arc announced in a post on platform X that MoonPay is now live on Arc. Over 30 million users of MoonPay can purchase USDC through credit cards, Apple Pay, Google Pay, bank transfers, and more, directly transferring to the Arc network, providing a consumer funding channel for wallets, applications, and developers on Arc.

According to Catcher Predict monitoring, in the market prediction event on Polymarket "LoL: Natus Vincere vs JD Gaming - Demacia Cup Global Invitation Group Stage", the "Yes" option win rate for the sub-market "Any Player Pentakill" has experienced a sharp fluctuation, dropping from 50% an hour ago to the current 20% (a fluctuation of 30%). Please note the impact of related breaking news.