proof

The security company Project Eleven has launched a post-quantum proof technology aimed at helping users prove ownership of Bitcoin wallets after quantum computers can derive private keys and generate valid signatures. Project Eleven CEO Alex Pruden stated that the technology uses wallet key derivation paths, allowing users to prove their control without disclosing the parent key, which is used to distinguish legitimate owners from attackers.The solution was developed in collaboration with Jim Posen, the main maintainer of the open-source Binius zero-knowledge proof system, based on the "signature amplification" technique proposed by Alon Sattath and Robert Wyborski. Project Eleven indicated that the prototype has not yet been audited and requires blockchain protocol support before being put into use, primarily targeting users who missed the migration to quantum-resistant addresses in the future.

Bitget's licensed RWA protocol Reality has released its latest Proof of Reserves (PoR) report. The report shows that Reality's reserve ratio has reached 100%, and its issued tokenized stocks, rToken, are all pegged 1:1 to the underlying US stock assets.The reserve data is updated daily and independently audited by the American auditing firm The Network Firm. The assets are custodied with the FINRA-registered and SIPC-protected US brokerage Alpaca Securities LLC, regulated under New York state law, forming a transparent structure with independent parties for issuance, auditing, and custody.The US stock token rToken issued by Reality has been deeply integrated into the Bitget ecosystem and can be used for core scenarios such as unified account margin and collateral lending. Previous data showed that the assets under management (AUM) of Bitget's stock token rToken surpassed $100 million one month after its launch.

According to a report by etoday, the first-level administrative region of Gyeonggi Province in South Korea officially announced that it will launch a stablecoin proof of concept (PoC) project in August 2026 to explore the feasibility of stablecoins in local currency, government public subsidies, and livelihood payment systems.The first phase of testing will focus on verifying three core technologies: programmable payments, zero-knowledge proof privacy technology, and a reserve proof mechanism that matches the issuance of stablecoins with reserve assets in real-time, completing the technical verification of the entire process of stablecoin issuance and circulation.If the first round of testing goes smoothly, the project will enter the second phase of expansion testing from October to December, focusing on assessing fund abuse prevention, transaction privacy protection, business adaptation screening, and collecting feedback from residents and merchants on actual usage, to accumulate practical experience for the subsequent large-scale application of stablecoins.

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin published the proposal "The Extremely Lean Chain," demonstrating how to radically compress the state requirements of the Ethereum consensus chain in the context of the "Lean" upgrade. This plan shifts responsibility to validators, who manage and periodically prove their state through ZK proofs, thereby eliminating the processing burden for each epoch and potentially supporting millions of validators.The core mechanisms include: removing the validator public keys from the on-chain state, storing only the deposit tree index; canceling real-time reward and penalty processing, with validators generating daily STARK proofs of their participation and updating balances; completely re-randomizing validator identities daily, achieving strong anonymity through ZK-STARK, with withdrawal addresses exposed only at the time of withdrawal and not publicly linked to deposits or on-chain activities. Vitalik stated that based on upgrades such as single-slot finality and quantum-resistant signature aggregation, the state requirement per validator could be compressed from approximately 180 bytes to 6 bytes. The daily proof cost for a single validator requires processing about 5400 Merkle branches, which can be completed within 1 hour on ordinary hardware, and the on-chain burden can be reduced through aggregated proofs. Additionally, this design can achieve a "virtually free" single secret leader election function, with 1 day as the conservative cycle length and 1 hour as the lower limit.

The founder of DefiLlama, 0xngmi, announced the launch of a new off-chain proof/verification service, which will be used to verify and audit off-chain data, including information such as bank account balances, to help projects achieve reliable verification of real-world assets and other off-chain data.

According to Cointelegraph, South Korea's Toss Bank will adopt Solana to conduct a global remittance and settlement proof of concept, aiming to provide its users with faster and lower-cost cross-border transaction services.

Binance announced the 43rd asset reserve proof (snapshot date June 1), which disclosed: user BTC assets are approximately 630,000 coins, an increase of 4.26% compared to May 1, an increase of 25,838 BTC; user ETH assets are approximately 4.14 million coins, an increase of 10.17%, an increase of 382,619 ETH; user USDT assets are approximately 34.3 billion coins, a decrease of 1.33%, a decrease of about 460 million USDT.

According to analysis by BlockSec Phalcon (@Phalcon_xyz), the RollupProcessorV3 contract of Aztec Network was attacked, resulting in losses exceeding $2.15 million. The root cause was that numRealTxs was not effectively bound to the transaction set enforced by the ZK proof, leading to discrepancies in the proof verification path and the L1 settlement logic's interpretation of the transaction list.The attacker exploited this vulnerability to move real deposits to slots not processed by the settlement logic, bypassing the decreasePendingDepositBalance() function, creating unsecured private balances out of thin air, and then withdrawing through the normal settlement process, involving a total of seven assets.

According to The Block, Consensys CEO Joseph Lubin stated that Ethereum is expected to evolve into a protocol fully based on zero-knowledge proofs (ZK Proof) within the next 3 to 5 years, which will not only optimize the main chain but also enhance Ethereum's compatibility with Layer 2.Joseph Lubin mentioned that he supports the "Rollup-centric roadmap," believing that by strengthening Layer 1, introducing the "Lean Ethereum" initiative, and promoting ZK proofs, the foundational layer of Ethereum can be significantly upgraded. Lean Ethereum aims to achieve over 10,000 transactions per second while maintaining a high level of decentralization on the mainnet, and supports privacy and quantum-resistant solutions.Regarding Layer 2, Joseph Lubin pointed out that ZK technology has already achieved real-time proofs in some L2 networks and plans to extend this capability to Layer 1, ultimately transitioning to a fully ZK foundational protocol supported by multiple provers. For example, projects like the Linea chain developed by Consensys and Gnosis are utilizing zero-knowledge proofs to achieve cross-network synchronized transactions, potentially eliminating the need for bridging and unifying fragmented liquidity.Joseph Lubin emphasized that the initial "differentiation phase" of the Rollup roadmap aims to provide experimental space for Layer 2 technologies. Although it may temporarily disperse liquidity, it lays the groundwork for Ethereum's future limitless scalability and technological iteration. He believes that some L2 technologies will become systemically important components, and this exploratory process is necessary.Additionally, Joseph Lubin responded to rumors regarding recent personnel changes at the Ethereum Foundation (EF) and the "second foundation," stating that there will not be a second foundation. The EF will continue to focus on core protocol development, usability and scalability, as well as institutional collaboration, while supporting at least three independent teams to spin off from the EF, focusing on protocol, user experience, and institutional expansion efforts.

Binance releases an update on proof of reserves, stating that asset reserves are always above 1:1 to guarantee user funds, with the BNB reserve ratio at 100.58%, the Bitcoin reserve ratio at 100.2%, and the ETH reserve ratio at 100%. The USDT reserve ratio is at 103.17%.

According to First Financial News, recently Futu and ChangQiao have both started to clean up accounts that opened with false documentation, as well as empty accounts with no assets or positions, processing the closure of these two types of accounts.At the same time, the Futu NiuNiu APP has added a new quick access entry for "Update Identity Information" in the "Account" section, along with a document titled "Instructions for Updating Identity Information," reminding customers that if they hold valid foreign identity proof, the completion of the information update will not affect any account transactions, fund deposits, or withdrawals, and other business functions.

Slow Fog's Yu Xian posted on the X platform stating that the reason for the Verus theft may be that the attacker constructed a forged Merkle proof, which passed the verification of the Verus Ethereum bridge (not open source), thus successfully withdrawing funds (ETH/tBTC/USDC). Specific details need to be further verified.

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin commented on the issue of Ethereum state storage, stating that even if users store data themselves, the blockchain only stores hashes, and transactions only include proofs, it still requires storage and updating of the data used to verify the proofs, and this data ultimately becomes almost as large as the state itself; Vitalik mentioned that there are solutions to the relevant issues, but they involve a large number of components and require trade-offs compared to the current Ethereum.Previously, DeFi content writer marilyn100x.eth stated that Ethereum has a state storage problem, where developers pay a one-time fee to write data, while nodes bear the long-term storage costs. However, EIP-8037 does not involve time-weighted rent or ongoing fees, but significantly increases the upfront gas costs for new contracts, accounts, and storage slots to control state growth during the scaling process.

Binance released the May reserve proof update. As of May 1, the user's net BTC balance is 606,742.388 coins, and the Binance wallet balance is 608,067.979 coins, with a BTC reserve ratio of 100.22%.In addition, the user's net ETH balance is 3,762,321.834 coins, and the Binance wallet balance is 3,762,328.82 coins, with an ETH reserve ratio of 100%. The USDT reserve ratio is 104.27%, and the BNB reserve ratio is 101.68%.

According to The Bitcoin Historian, billionaire Jack Dorsey's cryptocurrency financial application platform Cash App officially launched its Bitcoin reserve proof feature this week, verifying that over 60 million users' Bitcoin holdings on its platform are fully backed 1:1.The market views this move as an important step for the cryptocurrency industry in terms of transparency, user trust, and self-custody standards, and it is also seen as a positive signal for promoting the long-term healthy development of the industry.

According to Cointelegraph, Aptos recently launched the privacy token Confidential APT on its mainnet, which is pegged to APT at a 1:1 ratio. It uses zero-knowledge proofs to hide token balances and transfer amounts while maintaining wallet address visibility and transaction verifiability.Sherry Xiao, founding engineer of Aptos Labs, stated that the token aims to address the long-standing contradiction between blockchain privacy and compliance transparency, and can solve issues related to the public exposure of sensitive information such as on-chain salaries, treasury operations, and trading strategies. On the compliance front, the activation of the audit key must be approved through on-chain governance voting. The launch of Confidential APT stemmed from a governance proposal that was nearly unanimously passed. Xiao expects individual user adoption to be faster than that of enterprises, and if the mainnet operates stably for six months with good transaction volume, it will help shorten the sales cycle for enterprises.

According to official news, Block has released a proof of reserves, stating that by the end of the first quarter of 2026, the company holds a total of 28,355.05 bitcoins, valued at approximately 2.2 billion dollars. Among them, customer holdings are 19,357.16 bitcoins (approximately 1.5 billion dollars), and the company's treasury holds 8,997.89 bitcoins (approximately 696 million dollars).

The blockchain interoperability protocol Hyperbridge disclosed details of the previous DOT attack incident, resulting in a loss of approximately $237,000. The root of the vulnerability lies in the HandlerV1 contract's VerifyProof() function, which lacks input validation and does not verify the leaf_index leafCount, allowing attackers to forge Merkle proofs.Using this, the attacker gained administrator privileges for the DOT token bridging contract on Ethereum, subsequently minting 1 billion bridged DOT (which is about 2800 times the legitimate circulation of approximately 356,000) and cashing out on decentralized exchanges. Hyperbridge stated that it is currently working with security partners to trace the funds, and cross-chain functionality will remain suspended until the investigation is completed.

According to monitoring by BlockSec, the HandlerV1 contract managed by Hyperbridge has a Merkle Mountain Range (MMR) proof replay vulnerability on the Ethereum network, resulting in a loss of approximately $242,000. The vulnerability arises from the proof not being bound to the request, allowing attackers to replay historically valid proofs and combine them with new forged requests to perform actions such as changing administrator permissions.In a specific case, the attacker changed the administrator of the Polkadot (DOT) Token and then exploited the permissions to mint additional DOT for profit. Related attack transactions have been observed, including changing the administrator and minting of DOT Token (loss of approximately $237,400), changing the administrator and minting of ARGN Token (loss of approximately $3,800), and host withdrawals, among others.Previously, it was reported that the Hyperbridge gateway contract was attacked, resulting in the minting and dumping of 1 billion DOT on Ethereum.

In response to Binance founder Zhao Changpeng (CZ) proposing a bet of $1 billion (or any amount) regarding the claim of "already officially divorced," OKX Star stated that as the CEO of OKX, he cannot participate in such public bets due to the company's compliance culture, and gambling is also illegal for UAE citizens.He emphasized that to verify whether CZ is officially divorced, it is sufficient to show whether Binance's shares have been legally divided from his ex-wife, without the need for a betting proof. Furthermore, the division of marital property after a 20-year marriage is not only a legal obligation but also a basic moral responsibility. He has no interest in CZ's private life but reserves the right to question and clarify any false statements about himself made in the book and public interviews.Previously, CZ demanded an apology from Star and stated that if the bet is not accepted within 24 hours, it would prove who is misleading the public.