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ETH $2,301.36 +0.69%
BNB $615.46 -0.51%
XRP $1.39 +0.61%
SOL $83.67 -0.34%
TRX $0.3298 +1.18%
DOGE $0.1078 -0.84%
ADA $0.2482 +0.19%
BCH $445.14 +0.54%
LINK $9.07 -0.73%
HYPE $41.57 +2.32%
AAVE $92.06 -0.81%
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XLM $0.1593 -0.02%
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Paradigm partners release PACTs proposal, allowing holders from the Satoshi era to prove control without moving BTC

Concerns about quantum computing in Bitcoin always revolve around a "Satoshi-related problem." If a sufficiently powerful quantum computer emerges, millions of Bitcoins stored in old wallets with exposed public keys may face the risk of being stolen, including approximately 1.1 million Bitcoins that are allegedly owned by the anonymous creator Satoshi, currently valued at about $84 billion.Senior developer Jameson Lopp and five other developers formally proposed this plan through BIP-361 in mid-April, which aims to gradually phase out addresses vulnerable to quantum attacks over a five-year timeline and freeze any coins that fail to complete the migration. However, this proposal creates another issue: Satoshi and all other long-dormant holders would have to publicly "reveal themselves," or risk losing access to their assets.Dan Robinson, a general partner at Paradigm, released a proposal on Friday that suggests a way to circumvent this trade-off, with the core concept being "Provable Address Control Time Stamps" (PACTs). The main idea of PACTs is not to move coins, but to timestamp ownership proofs on specific dates, without disclosing any information externally until the wallet owner truly needs to spend.If Bitcoin later implements a soft fork to freeze coins vulnerable to quantum attacks, the protocol could include a rescue path that accepts STARK proofs (a type of zero-knowledge proof that remains secure against quantum computers), proving that the holder created their commitment before the existence of quantum hardware. When the holder wishes to spend, they submit this proof, and the network releases the corresponding coins. This redemption process will not reveal any information about the address, amount, or even the original timestamp creation time.

a16z supports the U.S. CFTC and opposes a series of crackdowns by various states on prediction markets

The venture capital firm a16z supports the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) and opposes a series of crackdowns by various states on prediction markets. On Friday, a16z submitted an 18-page comment letter to the CFTC, stating that the actions taken by state regulators against prediction market platforms—including cease-and-desist orders and proposed bans—are creating "serious barriers to fair access" for users.In just the past month, the CFTC has filed a series of lawsuits against Illinois, Arizona, Connecticut, New York, and Wisconsin, claiming that these states are attempting to regulate markets overseen by the federal government, which exceeds their jurisdiction. a16z argues that requiring trading platforms to block U.S. users based on their state of residence conflicts with the CFTC's rules on fair market access. The company wrote, "Being forced to deny fair access to users from states seeking to license or ban certain event contracts could severely compress available liquidity."CFTC Chairman Mike Selig asserts that the event contracts of prediction markets fall under swap contracts, placing them within the CFTC's "exclusive jurisdiction." State regulators and state attorneys general counter that platforms like Kalshi and Polymarket offer unlicensed gambling products. a16z also discussed the utility provided by what it calls prediction markets, stating that their pricing mechanism is a "unique form of price discovery" that helps "reveal the probabilities of uncertain events." The company further argues that blockchain-based prediction markets are more transparent than traditional platforms, claiming that "the auditability of on-chain transactions" makes it easier for participants and regulators to oversee.In April, the prediction markets Polymarket and Kalshi surpassed a cumulative trading volume of $15 billion.
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