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Cambridge Research: The United States hosts about 31% of Ethereum nodes, with over 1/3 of the nodes offline or affecting final confirmation

The latest research from the Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance shows that approximately 31% of Ethereum node activity is located in the United States, with about 39% distributed in the EU region excluding the UK, indicating that the geographical distribution of Ethereum nodes is still relatively concentrated in Western countries. The research leader, Alexander Neumuller, stated that the current node distribution is not concentrated in a single country but primarily relies on a few cloud service providers, including Hetzner, Amazon AWS, and OVH.It is noteworthy that the Ethereum network does not require half of the validators to fail for issues to arise; when more than one-third of validators go offline simultaneously, the network may be unable to complete the finalization of block checkpoints. Neumuller pointed out that nodes and validators do not have a one-to-one correspondence; a single node may run multiple validators, making it currently impossible to accurately assess the actual impact of a specific node or service provider failure on the validation network. Additionally, the research reassessed the energy consumption situation after Ethereum's Merge. The data shows that Ethereum's current annual energy consumption is approximately 7.9 GWh, equivalent to about 1 megawatt of continuous power, which is only about 0.02% of the pre-Merge level, with energy consumption decreasing by approximately 99.98%. Currently, the proportion of sustainable energy used by the Ethereum network exceeds 56%, higher than the global average. The research also pointed out that the concentration of client software is another potential risk; if a dominant client has a vulnerability, it could affect a large number of network participants. The report was published by the Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance, with support from the Ethereum Foundation.

Next week's macro outlook: Waller's congressional hearing coincides with CPI, and the market anticipates more clues on interest rate prospects

According to Jinshi reports, the tensions between the U.S. and Iran escalated sharply this week, with mutual attacks leading to the collapse of a fragile ceasefire agreement that had lasted for about three weeks. The inflationary pressure driven by rising oil prices has reignited expectations for the Federal Reserve to tighten its policies. During the same period, U.S. stocks largely ignored geopolitical uncertainties, with the "AI trading" frenzy regaining momentum, as the S&P 500 index approached an all-time high, and both it and the Nasdaq recorded a consecutive weekly gain. SK Hynix's ADR surged 13% on its first day, with a fundraising amount of $26.5 billion, making it the highest fundraising foreign company IPO in U.S. stock market history.In the coming week, the U.S.-Iran situation, U.S. CPI and other economic data, and speeches from Federal Reserve officials will capture Wall Street's attention. There is particular anticipation for whether Federal Reserve Chairman Waller can provide more clues about the interest rate outlook under questioning in Congress, although his determination to cancel forward guidance leaves little room for optimism. The macro data events for next week are as follows:MondayFederal Reserve Governor Waller speaksTuesdayU.S. ADP employment change for the week ending June 27U.S. June CPI and core CPIFederal Reserve Chairman Waller attends the House Financial Services Committee "Federal Reserve Semiannual Monetary Policy Report" hearingWednesday2027 FOMC voter and Chicago Fed President Goolsbee participates in a fireside chatU.S. June PPI and core PPIFOMC permanent voter and New York Fed President Williams speaksFederal Reserve Chairman Waller attends the Senate Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Committee "Federal Reserve Semiannual Monetary Policy Report" hearingFederal Reserve releases the Beige Book on economic conditionsThursdayU.S. initial jobless claims for the week ending July 11, U.S. June retail sales month-on-month, U.S. July Philadelphia Fed manufacturing index2026 FOMC voter and Dallas Fed President Logan speaksFederal Reserve Vice Chairman Jefferson speaks on the economy and monetary policy
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