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The South Korean Financial Commission responds to the controversy over single-stock leveraged ETFs: there is indeed an effect in preventing capital outflow, but it is not the main cause of stock market volatility

The Financial Services Commission of South Korea responded positively to the recent controversies surrounding single-stock leveraged exchange-traded funds (ETFs) when it released supplementary regulatory measures. Byeon Je-ho, the Director of the Capital Markets Bureau of the Financial Services Commission, clearly stated that launching leveraged ETF products targeting single stocks such as Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix in the domestic market has indeed had a significant effect in locking in domestic investment demand and preventing capital outflow to overseas leveraged markets like Hong Kong or the United States.In response to external accusations that single-stock leveraged ETFs are the "main culprit" behind the recent increase in volatility in the South Korean stock market, the Financial Services Commission refuted this claim. Byeon Je-ho pointed out that the recent dramatic market fluctuations cannot be solely explained by leveraged ETFs, with the core reason being the alternating expectations of the global semiconductor industry cycle. Data shows that from May 26 to July 10, the annualized daily return volatility of U.S. SanDisk (131%), Micron (123%), and Japan's Kioxia (118%) was higher than that of South Korea's SK Hynix (113%) and Samsung Electronics (96%). Additionally, some investors' contrarian operations have played a role in stabilizing stock prices to some extent.Regarding the demands from some politicians and market participants to "forcefully delist single-stock leveraged ETFs," the Financial Services Commission clearly rejected this request. The official explanation stated that delisting must meet statutory termination criteria such as a sharp decline in market value or a lack of liquidity providers (LPs), and currently, the market is showing signs of heating up due to excessive demand, which does not meet the delisting conditions. The Financial Services Commission indicated that such calls should be understood as the market's urgent expectation for strengthened compliance and robust regulatory measures.

Cambridge Research: The United States hosts about 31% of Ethereum nodes, with over 1/3 of the nodes offline or affecting final confirmation

The latest research from the Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance shows that approximately 31% of Ethereum node activity is located in the United States, with about 39% distributed in the EU region excluding the UK, indicating that the geographical distribution of Ethereum nodes is still relatively concentrated in Western countries. The research leader, Alexander Neumuller, stated that the current node distribution is not concentrated in a single country but primarily relies on a few cloud service providers, including Hetzner, Amazon AWS, and OVH.It is noteworthy that the Ethereum network does not require half of the validators to fail for issues to arise; when more than one-third of validators go offline simultaneously, the network may be unable to complete the finalization of block checkpoints. Neumuller pointed out that nodes and validators do not have a one-to-one correspondence; a single node may run multiple validators, making it currently impossible to accurately assess the actual impact of a specific node or service provider failure on the validation network. Additionally, the research reassessed the energy consumption situation after Ethereum's Merge. The data shows that Ethereum's current annual energy consumption is approximately 7.9 GWh, equivalent to about 1 megawatt of continuous power, which is only about 0.02% of the pre-Merge level, with energy consumption decreasing by approximately 99.98%. Currently, the proportion of sustainable energy used by the Ethereum network exceeds 56%, higher than the global average. The research also pointed out that the concentration of client software is another potential risk; if a dominant client has a vulnerability, it could affect a large number of network participants. The report was published by the Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance, with support from the Ethereum Foundation.

Visa launches enterprise-level stablecoin service platform, opening stablecoin services to over 200 million merchants

According to Fortune, global payment giant Visa is accelerating its layout of stablecoin infrastructure by launching the Visa Stablecoin Platform, which helps banks and fintech companies integrate stablecoin payment capabilities into existing payment and fund management systems.It is reported that the platform aims to provide stablecoin service support for approximately 15,000 financial institutions and over 200 million merchants globally, allowing businesses to use USD stablecoins for settlement, fund circulation, and financial management within traditional payment networks.Visa currently processes about $150 trillion in payment transactions annually and has handled stablecoin settlement business worth billions of dollars. The company hopes to further expand the application of stablecoins through the new platform. The Visa Stablecoin Platform will initially support the new stablecoin OUSD launched by the Open Standard Alliance, while continuing to be compatible with existing stablecoins supported by Visa, including USDC issued by Circle and USDG issued by Paxos.Visa believes that stablecoins are becoming an important component of future financial infrastructure, with advantages including: instant settlement, transactions that do not rely on traditional bank clearing cycles; low-cost transfers, reducing payment costs based on blockchain networks; and transparency and traceability, with on-chain transaction records providing higher verifiability. Visa has been continuously laying out its strategy in the stablecoin field. In 2020, Visa became the first global payment network to support USDC settlements; in 2025, the company launched a stablecoin settlement program to further promote stablecoins into the mainstream payment system.Meanwhile, Visa's competitors are also accelerating their entry into the stablecoin market. Mastercard recently launched a stablecoin settlement solution and collaborated with companies such as MoonPay and Paxos; American Express is also participating in the ecosystem development related to Open Standard. As traditional payment giants increasingly adopt stablecoins, stablecoins are gradually transforming from payment tools in the crypto industry to an important component of global financial infrastructure.
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