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Vitalik compared the mining costs of BTC and the inference costs of AI: the former has electricity costs accounting for nearly half, while the latter relies more on capital expenditures for computing power

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin shared that the cost of Bitcoin mining is roughly half derived from capital expenditures on computing power equipment and the other half from electricity consumption; in contrast, the cost of AI inference is almost entirely dominated by capital expenditures on computing power. This difference reflects the distinct cost structures of the two computing businesses. Bitcoin miners need to continuously pay for electricity and determine their profit margins based on mining machine efficiency, coin prices, and network difficulty changes; AI inference, on the other hand, relies more on investments in expensive hardware like GPUs, as well as equipment utilization and computing efficiency.The industrial boundaries of both are also changing. As the demand for AI computing power grows, some Bitcoin mining companies are beginning to shift their existing electricity resources and data center facilities towards AI and high-performance computing businesses, hoping to transition from pure mining to computing infrastructure services. Some mining companies are leveraging previously allocated electricity capacity for mining to enter the AI data center market. However, transformation does not mean that cost pressures disappear: mining operations are more directly exposed to fluctuations in electricity prices and Bitcoin prices, while AI computing businesses must bear risks related to GPU procurement, depreciation, and underutilization. Both types of businesses compete for electricity and computing resources, but ultimately, profitability depends on how these resources are converted into revenue.

first_img Report: The cost of remittances using stablecoins is 84% lower than traditional transfers, with settlement taking just a few minutes

The third-quarter report released by the stablecoin payment network Borderless.xyz shows that the median cost of sending a $200 remittance through stablecoin funding channels is 1%, or $2; whereas, according to World Bank data, the median cost of traditional remittance channels is 6.36%, or $12.72. In comparison, the cost of stablecoin remittances is approximately 84% lower. This comparison uses Borderless's pricing for the third quarter of 2026 and World Bank data for the same period in 2025.In emerging markets, the cost advantage is also evident. The cost of stablecoin remittances in Sub-Saharan Africa is 2.9%, while traditional transfers are 8.46%; in Latin America, the figures are 1.25% and 5.64%, respectively. In terms of corporate payments, a $10,000 stablecoin transfer to the Eurozone can cost as low as $26 when choosing the lowest-cost service provider, with the median service provider costing $52; traditional international bank wire transfers for the same amount require $135 to $150, including transfer fees and a 1% foreign exchange spread.Regarding settlement speed, the report states that stablecoin payments can reach the recipient's local bank account within minutes. The median settlement time for Brazil's PIX network in the third quarter is 2 minutes, Mexico's SPEI is 3 minutes, and Colombia's PSE is 2 minutes; traditional SWIFT transfers typically settle the next day, with the slowest 10% taking 3 business days. The success rate for receiving funds varies significantly: Mexico's SPEI is 98.6%, Brazil's PIX is 97.8%, Colombia's PSE is 79%, and Costa Rica's SINPE is only 73%. Standard Chartered Bank recently pointed out that although the total market capitalization of stablecoins has grown relatively slowly this year, transaction volumes are still rising, and it is expected that this market will reach $2 trillion by 2030, two years later than previously predicted.

CryptoQuant: The proportion of new Bitcoin whales in the realized market value has risen to about 1/3, with a cost basis of approximately $77,000

CryptoQuant analyst MorenoDV_ published an analysis indicating that the realized market cap of new whales in Bitcoin is $78.61 billion, while old whales stand at $159.15 billion. New whales account for 33.06%, compared to about 18% earlier in 2026.Since September, the realized market cap of new whales has continued to grow, while old whales have remained relatively stable, with the growth primarily coming from new whales. The realized market cap is calculated based on the price at the last on-chain transfer of the tokens and does not represent the proportion of BTC supply.In terms of cost, the overall cost basis of new whales has decreased from a previous high of around $110,000 to about $68,000 at the end of August, before rebounding to around $77,000. The current BTC price is $82,134, which is approximately 6.7% higher than the cost basis of new whales.The analysis suggests that the data shows large holders buying during the downturn and continuing to accumulate as prices rebound. However, the turnover of the holder group and transfers between addresses can also inflate the realized market cap, so the growth in realized market cap cannot be interpreted as an equivalent influx of new funds. If BTC continues to fall below around $77,000, new whales will incur losses again, increasing the likelihood of selling during a rebound. The inflow to exchanges and realized losses can be used to determine whether this is short-term pressure or if large holders are starting to sell off again.

Circle: Revenue in the first half of the year was 1.4 billion USD, with nearly 60% used for partner and transaction costs

On October 16, Circle announced that in the first half of 2026, the on-chain settlement amount of USDC exceeded $36 trillion, and Circle minted and redeemed over $315 billion of USDC during the same period, averaging about $1.7 billion per day. The company stated that as of June, USDC accounted for approximately 77% of the global stablecoin trading volume, an increase from 60% a year ago.More attention from the market is focused on the income distribution of USDC. Circle disclosed that the company generated approximately $1.4 billion in revenue in the first half of the year, of which about $819 million was allocated to USDC distribution partners and transaction costs, accounting for about 59% of the revenue; another approximately $473 million was invested in licensing, banking partnerships, settlement liquidity, compliance systems, product development, and multi-chain deployment, accounting for about 34%. According to the announcement, for every $1 of revenue Circle earns, it ultimately retains only about 7 cents in net profit.This announcement may be in response to market concerns regarding "the monopolization of reserve income by stablecoin issuers." Circle stated that partners can share corresponding reserve income by holding and expanding their USDC balances on their platforms; currently, more than 150 trading platforms, wallets, banks, fintech companies, payment platforms, and enterprises have formed economic interests tied to the growth of USDC. Circle also mentioned that Binance signed a five-year commercial agreement with it in September and invested $100 million in Circle.On the product side, Circle announced the expansion of its free redemption mechanism: all Circle customers can still redeem USDC for free through traditional banking channels, with the funds typically arriving within two business days; customers who make payments through the Circle Payments Network or use eligible products such as Arc, Circle Mint, and Circle Wallets will be able to enjoy free, near-real-time redemption capabilities.

The success rate of the Zhipu legal model is nearly three times higher, and the testing cost is about one-seventieth of that of its competitors

The artificial intelligence company Zhipu released a legal-specific model GLM-Legal, which is further trained based on GLM-5.3-Flash. In the Harvey LAB evaluation covering 24 categories of legal services, the task pass rate increased from 6.7% to 19.2%, nearly tripling the original version, surpassing models like Kimi K3 and Claude Fable 5, and ranking seventh on the Vals AI leaderboard.When reviewing software service contracts, GLM-Legal suggested shortening the termination notice period from 60 days to 30 days and required service providers to offer up to 90 days of handover support. In another software project dispute involving 40 documents, it found that the company reported to the client that the project was 60% complete, while internal records indicated only about 41%. It also identified emails from the CEO requesting to conceal risks and continue charging, and analyzed potential legal liabilities in conjunction with contract terms.According to independent evaluations by Vals AI, the cost for GLM-Legal to complete a test is $0.15, while the closely performing Gemini 4 Argon costs $10.55, a cost difference of about 70 times. GLM-Legal took an average of 72 minutes, while the latter took 44 minutes. Zhipu stated that the model was trained specifically on legal data and conducted reinforcement learning in tens of thousands of simulated legal environments. Currently, GLM-Legal requires an API trial application.

first_img The funding gap for Bitcoin mining companies is about 50 billion USD, and the borrowing costs for IREN and others are diverging

According to the Miner Weekly briefing published by BlocksBridge Consulting, Bitcoin mining companies expanding into the fields of artificial intelligence and high-performance computing are facing significantly different borrowing costs, with lenders increasingly scrutinizing large data center projects. The briefing points out that securing large AI clients is only part of the challenge; mining companies also need to raise billions of dollars to purchase computing power equipment, build data centers, and ensure the power infrastructure required for contract fulfillment. BlocksBridge indicates that large lending institutions have become more selective about data center loans, with decisions increasingly depending on client qualifications, contract terms, and project completion paths.The transition from Bitcoin mining to AI infrastructure by IREN reflects the differences in financing costs: the company secured $3.65 billion in GPU financing in June at a blended interest rate of 6%; in August, it completed another $2.4 billion financing with a fixed interest rate of 9%. The two agreements correspond to different projects and are not directly comparable, but they show that even within the same company, borrowing costs can vary significantly. Financing arrangements may also incur costs beyond interest; in another transaction involving Cipher Digital, Google guaranteed a $1.4 billion lease obligation in exchange for warrants representing a 5.4% equity stake in Cipher, with exercising the warrants potentially diluting existing shareholder equity.The rise in financing demand highlights the overall challenges mining companies face in entering the AI market. Data from VanEck shows that during the peak of the Bitcoin bull market in October last year, mining company debt surged by approximately 500% compared to the second quarter of 2024.
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