quantum-resistant

According to a video shared by DEGEN NEWS, Nic Carter, a partner at Castle Island Ventures, stated that Solana needs a complete rebuild to defend against quantum attacks. He pointed out, "This will be tricky for Solana because they have highly optimized around a certain variant of elliptic curve and have also made targeted optimizations at the hardware level.The entire core idea of Solana is high throughput. Ultimately, they may adopt lattice-based cryptography, but the speed will slow down, and the throughput may decrease, which is precisely what Solana is all about."

On May 14, BNB Chain released the "BSC Post-Quantum Cryptography Migration Report," stating that it has completed the migration testing for quantum-resistant cryptography for transaction signatures and the consensus layer, using the NIST standardized post-quantum signature algorithm ML-DSA-44 (Dilithium) and the pqSTARK aggregation scheme.The report shows that BSC has replaced transaction signatures from ECDSA to ML-DSA-44 and switched consensus voting aggregation from BLS12-381 to pqSTARK to address the potential threats posed by future quantum computing to the existing elliptic curve cryptography system. However, post-quantum signatures also significantly increase the on-chain data volume: the size of a single transaction has increased from about 110 bytes to approximately 2.5KB; the block size in a 2000 TPS scenario has increased from about 130KB to around 2MB; and the TPS in the testing environment has decreased by about 40%-50%.BSC stated that the current network bottleneck mainly comes from the larger transaction data propagation, rather than the consensus protocol itself. Meanwhile, the consensus layer aggregation still maintains high efficiency, with pqSTARK achieving a signature compression ratio of about 43:1, and the additional burden on validators remains within a controllable range. The report concludes that existing technology can achieve "quantum-resistant" deployment for blockchain, but future issues related to network bandwidth and data scalability still need to be addressed.

According to Decrypt, the cryptocurrency technology company Quantography Labs has announced the launch of the early access version of the cryptocurrency wallet Lock.com. This product uses "Isolated Signing" and an Air-Gapped architecture, enabling offline private key management without the need for dedicated hardware wallet devices.The official statement indicates that Lock.com separates the signing environment from the network broadcasting environment: private keys are always stored in a completely offline device, while transactions are created and broadcast on a connected device, thus avoiding private key exposure to the internet. The platform emphasizes that users can directly use existing devices without relying on third-party hardware manufacturers or supply chains. Additionally, Lock.com integrates post-quantum cryptography architecture, including ML-DSA digital signatures and ML-KEM key encapsulation mechanisms, to enhance security in future quantum computing environments.Quantography Labs stated that the current early access phase is mainly used to collect user feedback and prepare for a subsequent full launch.

According to Cointelegraph, Tezos ecosystem developers have launched a prototype of a private blockchain payment testnet called TzEL, aimed at resisting future quantum computing attacks.This prototype uses post-quantum cryptography and zk-STARK proofs to protect transaction data and encrypted payment metadata, preventing "collect then decrypt" type attacks. TzEL leverages Tezos's data availability layer to handle the larger proof sizes brought by post-quantum cryptography (approximately 300 KB), which has been one of the main technical obstacles to building scalable quantum-resistant privacy systems on-chain. TzEL is currently running on the Tezos testnet and is still in the development stage, with the transition of the Tezos ecosystem to quantum-resistant cryptography still in its early stages.

According to FinanceFeeds, Alex Thorn, the research director of Galaxy Digital, stated that as advancements in quantum computing hardware accelerate, the Bitcoin community is shifting from decentralized debates to forming a preliminary consensus on quantum threats. The core direction is to gradually introduce post-quantum cryptography (PQC) through soft forks, achieving an upgrade of the address system and long-term security assurance.The report points out that the current Bitcoin signature mechanism, which uses the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm, can theoretically be cracked by Shor's algorithm. Approximately 2 million BTC from early p2pkh addresses are at risk because their public keys have been exposed, facing the potential risk of "collecting first and decrypting later." The community tends to promote a "migration window" mechanism to guide users in transferring their assets to new quantum-resistant addresses, and after a multi-year grace period, to implement freezing or destruction of untransferred assets to prevent large-scale market impacts in extreme situations. Additionally, the consensus includes enhancing "cryptographic agility," which allows protocols to switch signature algorithms without interrupting the network.The current proposal leans towards a dual-signature mechanism that uses ECDSA and PQC (such as Dilithium) in parallel, ensuring security redundancy while facilitating a smooth transition. Analysts believe that this approach transforms the quantum threat from a "black swan event" into a manageable technological upgrade, helping to solidify Bitcoin's security foundation as a long-term store of value asset.

ChainCatcher reported live that Justin Sun, the founder of TRON, shared a keynote speech titled "From TRON to B.AI: Infrastructure as the Game-Changer in the AI Era" at this year's 2026 Hong Kong Web3 Carnival.He introduced that TRON currently supports about 86.4 billion USDT, with other stablecoins bringing the total close to 90 billion dollars, and the global account number has reached 376 million, making it one of the largest stablecoin settlement networks in the world. He emphasized that the most important aspects of financial services are stability and security, rather than being cheap.He pointed out that the existing payment systems are not compatible with AI, as bank accounts require human identity for opening, and each payment needs manual authorization, which cannot support high-frequency decision-making by AI. B.AI is building the underlying financial infrastructure for AI agents, allowing each AI to operate without becoming human, managing keys and on-chain wallets through cryptography to complete payments, and can anonymously call the world's most

Ripple officially announced its quantum resistance roadmap, with the core goal of making the XRP Ledger (XRPL) quantum-resistant by 2028. The roadmap primarily addresses the potential attack mode of "harvest now, decrypt later," where attackers collect encrypted data now and wait for future quantum computers to mature before cracking it.The entire plan will be implemented in four phases:Phase 1: Q-Day Emergency Preparedness (Already Started). Establish a Q-Day emergency response mechanism. If the existing classical encryption system is suddenly compromised, the network will immediately stop accepting traditional public key signatures, forcing a migration to quantum-safe accounts. At the same time, explore asset ownership verification solutions based on Post-Quantum ZK-proofs, allowing existing account holders to safely recover funds in emergencies without exposing vulnerable keys.Phase 2: Risk Assessment and Algorithm Testing (First Half of 2026). Conduct a comprehensive assessment of the impact of post-quantum cryptography on the performance, storage, and bandwidth of the XRP Ledger network. Collaborate with Project Eleven to conduct validator-level testing and Devnet benchmarking, deploy NIST standardized ML-DSA quantum-safe signature schemes, and develop prototypes for post-quantum custodial wallets. Core engineer Denis Angell has already deployed ML-DSA signatures on XRPL's AlphaNet.Phase 3: Devnet Hybrid Integration (Second Half of 2026). Parallel integration of candidate post-quantum signature schemes with existing elliptic curve signatures on the developer network (Devnet), allowing developers to test performance and system impacts without affecting the mainnet. At the same time, explore post-quantum zero-knowledge proof primitives and homomorphic encryption technologies for Confidential Transfers to enhance the privacy and compliance capabilities of tokenized real-world assets on XRPL.Phase 4: Full Mainnet Upgrade (Target 2028). Submit a formal protocol amendment, which will be fully enabled on the mainnet after being approved by validator votes, to implement native post-quantum cryptography. Focus on production-ready optimization: throughput tuning, validator reliability assurance, and coordinated migration of the ecosystem, ensuring a complete transition without affecting network speed and settlement finality.

According to CoinDesk, Blockstream CEO Adam Back stated at Paris Blockchain Week that Bitcoin developers should advance optional quantum-resistant upgrades as early as possible, even though practical quantum computers are still far from being realized.He pointed out that Taproot's flexible design can support the introduction of new quantum-resistant signature schemes without affecting existing users. Previously, Jameson Lopp and others proposed BIP - 361, which aims to gradually phase out addresses vulnerable to quantum attacks within 5 years and freeze Bitcoin that has not completed migration. Adam Back believes that the Bitcoin community can quickly coordinate responses in emergencies without the need for pre-established freezing arrangements.

Zhao Changpeng posted on platform X that cryptocurrencies only need to upgrade to post-quantum algorithms to cope with the impact of quantum computing, and there is no need to panic.In terms of practical execution, there are difficulties in upgrading organizations in a decentralized environment, and the choice of algorithms may spark debates and lead to forks. Some projects that have stopped development may not undergo upgrades, which helps to clean up such projects. In the short term, new code may introduce vulnerabilities or security issues, and users who self-custody cryptocurrencies need to migrate their assets to new wallets.Regarding the Bitcoin held by Satoshi, if the assets move, it means he is still active; if they have not moved within a specific timeframe, the relevant addresses should be locked or destroyed to prevent being hacked. Fundamentally, encryption is easier than decryption, and more powerful computing capabilities have positive implications. Cryptocurrencies will continue to exist even after the quantum era.

a16z Crypto published a long article on platform X stating that the timeline for the emergence of quantum computers capable of breaking cryptocurrencies (CRQC) is often exaggerated, and the likelihood of their appearance before 2030 is extremely low. The risk status of different cryptographic primitives varies.Post-quantum encryption needs to be deployed immediately due to the "harvest now, decrypt later" (HNDL) attack. In contrast, post-quantum signatures and zkSNARKs are less susceptible to HNDL attacks; migrating too early could bring risks such as performance overhead, immature implementation, and code vulnerabilities. Therefore, a cautious rather than hasty migration strategy should be adopted.For blockchains, most non-privacy public chains like Bitcoin and Ethereum primarily use digital signatures for transaction authorization, so there is no HNDL risk. The pressure to migrate mainly comes from non-technical challenges such as slow governance, social coordination, and technical logistics.Bitcoin faces unique issues, including its slow governance speed and the existence of millions of quantum-vulnerable tokens worth hundreds of billions of dollars that may be abandoned. In contrast, privacy chains, due to their encryption or concealment of transaction details, do face HNDL attack risks and should transition as soon as possible.a16z Crypto emphasizes that in the coming years, implementation security issues such as code vulnerabilities, side-channel attacks, and fault injection attacks are more urgent and significant security risks compared to the distant threat of quantum computers. Developers should prioritize investment in code audits, fuzz testing, and formal verification.

The Ethereum Foundation has announced the establishment of a dedicated Post-Quantum team, led by Thomas Coratger and supported by leanVM cryptographer Emile, elevating quantum resistance security to the highest strategic priority.Researcher Justin Drake stated that Ethereum is transitioning from a long-term background research phase to proactive engineering implementation, including the launch of bi-weekly quantum-resistant developer meetings and the operation of a multi-client quantum-resistant consensus test network. The Ethereum Foundation is also increasing funding and community engagement, planning to introduce two $1 million cryptography awards and host multiple quantum-related community events and educational programs in 2026. The Ethereum Foundation emphasizes that although quantum threats remain a medium- to long-term risk, the blockchain needs to prepare in advance to ensure wallet security and smooth network upgrades.

According to CoinDesk, the quantum-resistant cryptography specialist BTQ Technologies (BTQ) recently announced a solution to protect the Bitcoin blockchain, called "Bitcoin Quantum," an open-source fork testnet that is said to be capable of addressing quantum challenges.Chris Tam, head of partnerships at BTQ, stated that Bitcoin Quantum is a publicly operable network where miners, developers, researchers, and users can stress-test against quantum transactions and reveal the trade-offs in actual operation before discussions about mainnet upgrades become urgent.The system includes a block explorer and mining pool, providing instant accessibility. Tam explained that in August 2024, the quantum-resistant algorithm known as "Dilithium" (officially named the Module-Lattice-based Digital Signature Algorithm ML-DSA) will be standardized in the United States, and this algorithm is the technology adopted by the Bitcoin Quantum network. This algorithm has not yet been widely applied in rapidly innovating fields like cryptocurrency, primarily due to its high operational costs.Compared to the digital signatures used every time information is sent to the blockchain or even when sending a WhatsApp message, the data size of quantum-resistant algorithms increases by at least 200 times. Therefore, while there are methods to address quantum risks, they also pose problems, mainly reflected in performance and cost overhead during large-scale deployment.

According to Decrypt, Cardano founder Charles Hoskinson warned that quantum-resistant encryption schemes have been standardized by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2024. However, without hardware acceleration support, their computational costs and data scales will significantly reduce blockchain throughput, potentially resulting in about an order of magnitude performance loss.He pointed out that to assess whether the risks of quantum computing have reached a usable stage, more reference should be made to DARPA's quantum benchmarking program, which aims to evaluate the feasibility of practical quantum computing by 2033.

According to Cointelegraph, on Thursday, Aptos announced a proposal to introduce quantum-resistant signatures, AIP-137, aimed at addressing the network's reliance on digital signatures for ownership confirmation, transaction authorization, and overall security.Although existing cryptographic schemes remain secure against traditional computers, researchers warn that one day, sufficiently powerful quantum computers may be able to forge these schemes, potentially retroactively compromising account security. If the proposal passes governance review, AIP-137 will introduce SLH-DSA (a hash-based digital signature scheme standardized as FIPS 205) as an optional account signature type. This will make Aptos one of the earliest blockchains to natively support quantum-resistant accounts. However, existing accounts will remain unaffected, and quantum-resistant accounts will be available for users to choose. Previously, it was reported that Solana would collaborate with Project Eleven to build quantum-resistant signatures.

According to Cryptopolitan, Solana has partnered with quantum computing research company Project Eleven, which will conduct a comprehensive assessment of Solana's quantum resistance capabilities and create quantum-resistant digital signatures on the Solana testnet. Project Eleven has researched the risks to Solana's core infrastructure, including wallets, validators, and other cryptographic protections. The testnet will also examine the feasibility of implementing end-to-end quantum-resistant transactions on Solana.Matt Sorg, Vice President of Technology at the Solana Foundation, stated, "It is our responsibility to ensure that Solana is secure not only today but also for decades to come." Although quantum threats are currently theoretical and the blockchain may not face real threats for another decade or more, quantum research is continuously expanding. Nevertheless, Project Eleven has begun evaluating migration paths, standards, and adoption.

ChainCatcher news, Paraguay's largest bank Ueno Bank has announced the adoption of quantum-resistant electronic signatures and tamper-proof timestamps, becoming the first to introduce post-quantum security technology into a practical production environment.The bank is based on the QANplatform's quantum-resistant Layer-1 hybrid blockchain, combined with the SignQuantum signature extension, providing mathematically verifiable tamper-proof records for electronic documents and business files. This move aligns with the post-quantum encryption standards led by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and offers a replicable model for the financial industry to address the future risks of quantum computing breaches. Industry insiders say this is the world's first bank to deploy such a combination of technologies at a production scale, establishing a "quantum-safe" paradigm for financial institutions in Latin America and globally.

ChainCatcher news, Solana developers have created a quantum-resistant vault on the Solana blockchain to protect user funds from potential threats posed by quantum computers.Cryptography researcher Dean Little explained in a GitHub post that the "Solana Winternitz Vault" solution achieves this by implementing a complex hash-based signature system that generates new keys with each transaction. Generating new private keys for each transaction should make it more difficult for quantum computers to mount a coordinated attack on any given set of public keys, as these public keys are exposed every time a transaction is signed.The quantum-resistant feature of Solana is currently offered as an optional add-on rather than a network-wide security upgrade. This means that Solana users must choose to store their funds in the Winternitz vault instead of the regular Solana wallet to ensure their assets are protected from potential quantum threats.

ChainCatcher message, Starknet posted on platform X: "Just a reminder, Starknet is supported by a quantum-resistant proof mechanism."