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Vitalik: Maintain an open attitude towards slowing down or pausing AI, and agree to initiate a pause if extreme situations arise

Vitalik posted on the X platform, stating that AI 2040 and its critics have incompatible worldviews regarding the speed and significance of AI progress. AI 2040 believes that unless strong measures are taken to completely prevent it, some form of superintelligence will emerge in various scenarios by 2040; critics argue that AI 2040 underestimates human coordination capabilities and threatens freedom, but do not view ASI itself as a risk of power concentration.He believes that if he were convinced that the current form of AI is just an ordinary technology, he would be closer to the critics' camp; if he were convinced that superintelligence would inevitably arrive by 2030, he would be closer to the AI 2040 camp. At the same time, due to significant uncertainty, he remains open to the idea of slowing down or pausing, and feels uncomfortable with the stance proposed by some large AI companies and intellectuals that "open source is detrimental, and the ideal outcome is to maintain global control dominance."Vitalik stated that an important reason he supports the d/acc platform is that directions such as formal verification, cryptography, secure and open hardware, pandemic resilience, defensive biotechnology, food and basic resource security, public cognitive systems, and non-concentrated power physical security are worth promoting under both worldviews. He also mentioned that the 2040 plan has increasingly supported open source and incorporated the idea of "mutual assured destruction of computational power," which is an improvement compared to allowing a few participants to selectively deprive their identified subjects of rights.There is no way to avoid trade-offs regarding whether to slow down or pause, and Vitalik believes that trigger conditions can be preset, allowing for a more open attitude towards slowing down or pausing when sufficient conditions are met within a specific timeframe.He also stated that if he were Elon Musk or Zuck, he would significantly transform Twitter into a platform that helps identify and facilitate such large win-win agreements, encouraging more people to participate in discussions, but he thinks this might also be naive. Currently, he does not see any non-naive ASI transition response plans, so he tends to show some tolerance towards those who are trying.
2026-07-11

Vitalik proposed the "extremely simplified chain" solution, where validators submit STARK proofs daily, and the state storage is compressed to 6 bytes

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin published the proposal "The Extremely Lean Chain," demonstrating how to radically compress the state requirements of the Ethereum consensus chain in the context of the "Lean" upgrade. This plan shifts responsibility to validators, who manage and periodically prove their state through ZK proofs, thereby eliminating the processing burden for each epoch and potentially supporting millions of validators.The core mechanisms include: removing the validator public keys from the on-chain state, storing only the deposit tree index; canceling real-time reward and penalty processing, with validators generating daily STARK proofs of their participation and updating balances; completely re-randomizing validator identities daily, achieving strong anonymity through ZK-STARK, with withdrawal addresses exposed only at the time of withdrawal and not publicly linked to deposits or on-chain activities. Vitalik stated that based on upgrades such as single-slot finality and quantum-resistant signature aggregation, the state requirement per validator could be compressed from approximately 180 bytes to 6 bytes. The daily proof cost for a single validator requires processing about 5400 Merkle branches, which can be completed within 1 hour on ordinary hardware, and the on-chain burden can be reduced through aggregated proofs. Additionally, this design can achieve a "virtually free" single secret leader election function, with 1 day as the conservative cycle length and 1 hour as the lower limit.

Vitalik published an overview of Ethereum's long-term roadmap, Lean Ethereum will become the third major iteration

According to a post by Vitalik Buterin, Ethereum researchers recently held a meeting in Berlin to update the long-term development roadmap of the protocol (strawmap.org). Vitalik pointed out that "Lean Ethereum" is not a one-time upgrade, but a series of improvements that will be phased in over the next three to four years, with an importance comparable to the "Merge," covering almost every core module of the protocol.The main content includes: Verification Mechanism: Introducing recursive STARKs to replace the existing direct re-execution method, becoming a core component at the protocol level; Quantum Security: Significantly elevated priority, all quantum-vulnerable components will be replaced, and the design for quantum-safe Blobs is in progress; Consensus Layer: Decoupling usable chains from finality, achieving one to two rounds of finality, with better security and lower latency; State Layer: The existing dynamic state remains unchanged, but new types of states with greater scalability (such as UTXO storage, circular buffers, etc.) will be added, with an expectation that by 2030 Ethereum will have 2 TB of dynamic state + 100 TB of new type state, allowing for over 10 times reduction in Gas fees after the migration of applications like ERC20 and NFTs; Privacy: Upgrading from an additional feature to a primary goal, integrated into designs such as Mempool and state trees; VM: Introducing leanISA or RISC-V beyond EVM, with the long-term goal of direct protocol layer only.
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