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isc

CFTC Chairman Clarifies Four Major Misconceptions About Perpetual Futures Contracts

Mike Selig, Chairman of the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), published an article clarifying four major misconceptions about perpetual futures contracts.Regarding the misconception of "fixed expiration date": There is a viewpoint that the defined "futures contract" requires a fixed expiration date or delivery date, and the indefinite nature of perpetual contracts is inconsistent with congressional intent. Selig clarified that neither the Commodity Exchange Act nor CFTC regulations provide a clear definition of the term "futures contract," nor do they require a fixed expiration date or delivery date. Since Congress did not define the term, the criteria for its determination are provided by case law and committee interpretation, both of which do not require a fixed expiration date.Regarding the misconception of "high leverage": There is a viewpoint that the CFTC approved a futures contract allowing Americans to use leverage of up to 250 times when approving the BTCPERP contract, violating its own rules. Selig clarified that extreme leverage has been a characteristic of trading perpetual contracts in offshore venues since their inception, and is not inherent to the contract structure itself. The perpetual contracts regulated by the CFTC are subject to the same leverage limits as other futures contracts regulated by the CFTC.Regarding the misconception of "public opinion": There is a viewpoint that the CFTC did not provide the industry with an opportunity to participate or express opinions. Selig clarified that the CFTC released a request for comments on "perpetual contracts" and "24/7 trading" in April 2025, soliciting public input, and received over 100 comments from a wide range of stakeholders, including many registered entities regulated by the CFTC.Regarding the misconception of "funding rates": There is a viewpoint that the funding rate mechanism imposes unique and prohibitively high costs on market participants, fostering bad behavior in the market. Selig clarified that after considering the costs associated with opening positions and rolling over contracts with expiration dates, the annualized cost of holding futures contracts with expiration dates is roughly equivalent to that of perpetual contracts. The funding rate mechanism is far from fostering bad behavior; rather, it is a constraint tool that keeps the contract linked to the underlying spot market.

The founder of Bridgewater Associates discusses decision-making in the AI era: principled thinking should run parallel with AI, and human insights remain irreplaceable

Ray Dalio, founder of Bridgewater Associates, recently published a lengthy article sharing his thoughts on the investment decision-making system in the AI era, emphasizing that human insights still hold irreplaceable value in financial markets.Dalio believes that investing is essentially a "value-added near-zero-sum" competitive environment. When certain information becomes widely recognized, its investment value often declines rapidly. Therefore, even the most advanced AI systems are insufficient for investors to rely on completely or to follow blindly; the true competitive advantage still lies in unique human understanding and deep insights.Drawing on Bridgewater's 50 years of development experience, Dalio suggests that decision-making should be based on a clear, understandable, and verifiable principle system. He states that principled thinking does not rely on intuition or experiential judgment, but rather systematizes decision-making standards by analyzing contexts and causal relationships, recording core principles, and utilizing historical data for verification, ultimately transforming them into computable and automatically executable decision systems.He also points out that the formation of principles cannot solely depend on data mining or directly asking AI, but must be based on logical reasoning and an understanding of the operational laws of the real world.Dalio describes this process as a "collaborative game" between humans and AI. In this model, AI provides systematic suggestions based on established principles, while humans engage in independent thinking according to their own principle framework. Both parties continuously optimize the decision-making system through comparison, discussion, and logical verification.He believes that truly valuable principles should transcend time and geography, enduring scrutiny across different historical cycles and market environments. If a principle fails, it is necessary to re-examine the underlying causal relationships and continuously revise it.Dalio states that he has already applied this method in his family office to fully leverage the new generation of AI technology and plans to continue sharing related methodologies with the outside world. He also reminds market participants that as AI technology continues to evolve, the ability to effectively combine artificial intelligence with principled thinking may become an important watershed for future competitiveness.

PiggyBank discloses details of the LAB basis trading manipulation incident and will compensate affected users

PiggyBank released a detailed report on the LAB incident on June 6, stating that the protocol experienced a net withdrawal of approximately $579,000 on June 6, primarily due to a LAB token basis trade being manipulated by the market.In early May, PiggyBank purchased 142,800 locked LAB tokens (approximately $102,500) through an OTC intermediary while simultaneously opening a perpetual contract short hedge. However, market participants continuously maintained the spot price above the perpetual contract price, resulting in a deeply negative funding rate (annualized -17,000%), and the high hedging costs forced the shorts to close, resulting in a loss of approximately $476,000. The currently locked LAB tokens have a spot value of about $1 million, but due to poor liquidity and lack of hedging, they have been excluded from the NAV calculation.PiggyBank will undergo structural reforms: increasing transparency of on-chain mechanisms, strategy logic, and fund allocation will be publicly verifiable, while basis trading and funding rate arbitrage will be gradually phased out. In terms of compensation, affected users will receive USDC compensation based on actual losses, with funding sources including NAV discrepancies, future LAB sales (expected to unlock from August 14 to October 14, currently valued at approximately $1 million), and 50% of future platform revenue. All users recorded in the snapshot on June 6 are eligible for compensation.
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