confirmation

Cross-chain trading application Fomo recently announced the official public launch of its self-built internal cross-chain bridge (Fomo Bridge) and router. Official data shows that after integrating the self-built system, its cross-chain transaction confirmation time is less than 1 second, and the transaction execution speed is 50% faster than existing market solutions.Fomo stated that its internal router can average optimize execution prices by 0.5% and optimize the worst-performing 10% of transactions by over 2%. Currently, Fomo's cross-chain trading volume is more than 10 times that of other trading applications. As a large cross-chain trading application that possesses both a cross-chain bridge and routing system, Fomo has thus gained control over the entire trading stack, including pricing, indexing, bridging, and routing, ensuring that users can still achieve a fast and low-cost trading experience even in extreme market conditions.

Solana's largest network upgrade since 2020, Alpenglow, officially launched on Wednesday. This upgrade moves validator voting from on-chain to off-chain, packaging votes into certificates that can lock transactions within one to two rounds, aiming to reduce the final confirmation time for transactions from about 6 seconds to approximately 150 milliseconds, speeding it up by about 40 times. If this goal is achieved on the mainnet, Solana's transaction settlement speed will be faster than the blink of an eye, bringing it closer to the trading and payment experience of centralized exchanges.Currently, a 6-second confirmation time means that prices may change before the transaction is locked, causing exchanges and payment applications to wait before considering deposits as complete. In comparison, Ethereum takes about 13 minutes to achieve full final confirmation. At the same time, validator costs are expected to decrease by about 60%: currently, validators spend about 2 SOL daily on voting fees, which doubled after Solana recently reduced block time to about 200 milliseconds; Alpenglow eliminates voting fees, replacing them with a fixed validator entry fee of 0.8 SOL per epoch (approximately 24 hours).The upgrade launch process was not smooth. The testnet has been cleared and restarted from scratch six times since its launch in early May, with one migration failing across the entire network and having to be rolled back. According to an article published by Galaxy Digital, one of about 100 validator operators on the testnet, a subsequent migration was successfully completed, clearing the way for Wednesday's launch. Since these events occurred on a network built specifically for testing, there was no risk to real funds. The upgrade was scheduled to switch at the start of epoch 1064 on Wednesday, with actual changes occurring at slot 459,653,000 after a transition of 5,000 slots.

According to CoinDesk, Solana plans to implement the Alpenglow upgrade on October 21. This upgrade aims to reduce the transaction finality time to about 150 milliseconds and replace the existing voting system of the network with a faster certificate-based consensus mechanism.

Recently, the Aster team provided feedback to RootData regarding some adjustments needed in the previously released token unlock data. After receiving the feedback, RootData verified the information against Aster's official documentation and several similar token unlock data platforms, finding no significant discrepancies between the previously recorded information and the publicly available documents at that time.Subsequently, RootData communicated further with the Aster official team and updated the on-site Aster token unlock data based on the latest confirmed information from the project team. Currently, some third-party token unlock data platforms have not yet synchronized this official document adjustment, making RootData one of the earlier platforms to complete the relevant data updates.This adjustment mainly involves two categories: Airdrop and Ecosystem & Community, with the specific changes as follows:1. Airdrop Category Adjustment: Split into "Founder's Airdrop" and "Governance Airdrop"Based on the latest confirmed information from Aster, RootData has re-split the original airdrop category into "Founder's Airdrop" and "Governance Airdrop."The previous official document indicated that after the Aster TGE, eligible participants would immediately receive 8.8% of the total allocation, with the remaining tokens in this category gradually released over the next 80 months, with specific release times potentially adjusted based on protocol governance.The latest official document adjustment states that the remaining ASTER tokens in this category will be reserved for airdrops, but the protocol governance body may adjust the relevant arrangements in the future.Therefore, RootData will no longer track the unlock data for the governance airdrop portion according to a fixed release cycle, and will instead dynamically update based on Aster's official announcements and governance decisions.2. Ecosystem & Community Category Adjustment: Split into Ecosystem & Community 1 and Ecosystem & Community 2Previously, the Aster Ecosystem & Community category (excluding the APX to ASTER conversion part) adopted a linear release model, planning to gradually unlock over 20 months. This model has been executed for 4 months (from October 2025 to January 2026), after which it will be adjusted to a reward distribution model based on staking mechanisms.According to Aster's current staking mechanism, the longer the user locks their tokens, the higher the loyalty reward APY they can receive. Since this allocation mechanism has shifted from a fixed linear release to a staking incentive model, RootData will no longer track the fixed unlock cycle for Ecosystem & Community 2 as originally planned, and will adjust based on the latest official announcements.It is reported that Aster completed its token TGE on September 17, 2025. Since its launch, Aster has made multiple adjustments to its token economic model, including extending the team token lock-up period by 12 months, adjusting the release method for ecosystem and community tokens, and redefining the governance arrangements for the remaining airdrop tokens.RootData stated that adjustments to the token economic model as the project develops and governance needs arise are common in the industry; the key is whether the project team can disclose relevant changes in a timely and transparent manner. RootData also encourages project teams to proactively submit token unlock plans and change information to help the community and users better understand token supply and release situations.

Molly Abraham, a member of the Coinbase legal team, stated that Coinbase has submitted a brief to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, requesting the court to confirm the exclusive regulatory authority of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) over prediction markets.Molly emphasized that the focal point of the dispute is not whether prediction markets should be regulated, as they are already governed by the Commodity Exchange Act, but rather whether they should be uniformly regulated by the CFTC, which has over 50 years of experience in derivatives market regulation, or whether each of the 50 states should regulate them independently. Coinbase stated that Congress has provided a clear answer on this matter, and this brief submission aims to request the court for confirmation.

Ethlabs stated that with the Ethereum rapid confirmation rules, the Chainlink cross-chain protocol CCIP 2 can reduce Ethereum transaction confirmation times to 12 to 24 seconds.This acceleration is an optional setting that needs to be actively enabled, and its security guarantees differ from the default path; the Ethereum full finality guarantee and the CCIP default waiting time remain unchanged.

Bitget has officially opened BTC withdrawal services today at 16:00 (UTC+8). Bitget CEO Gracy shared the latest progress on the recovery during a community live stream: currently, the BTC withdrawal channel is running smoothly, and the first batch of applications has been processed and credited.According to real-time data disclosed during the live stream, as of 16:50 (UTC+8), the platform has processed approximately 7,683 BTC withdrawal applications, with a total amount processed of about 3,609 BTC, and there are no order backlogs. Among them, the first batch of about 6,946 withdrawal applications has received blockchain confirmation, and the related applications are still being processed in an orderly manner.According to the previously announced timeline, the ETH-related network will open for withdrawals on September 29 at 16:00 (UTC+8), and the USDT-related network will open for withdrawals on September 30 at 16:00 (UTC+8); withdrawals for other tokens, fiat, and C2C services will gradually resume starting from October 2 at 16:00 (UTC+8).

Polygon co-founder Sandeep posted on the X platform stating that the POL community has recently accumulated and permanently destroyed 100 million POL through on-chain revenue, accounting for about 1% of the total supply, and will additionally destroy approximately 25 million POL.Sandeep also mentioned that POL (formerly MATIC) is still "the most undervalued and overlooked project." According to him, Polymarket has launched perpetual contracts on Polygon, and with the recent upgrade, Polygon PoS is gradually evolving towards a more advanced blockchain, expecting to achieve a 1 millisecond confirmation time through block flow in the future. Additionally, OMS is about to enable Polygon to handle approximately 1 million new transactions daily.

According to CoinDesk, the Solana consensus upgrade Alpenglow has completed the switch to Testnet and Devnet on September 24 and 25, respectively, and is currently running on the two major public test networks, allowing application teams to test compatibility before launching on the mainnet. Alpenglow aims to reduce the final confirmation time from about 12.8 seconds to approximately 150 milliseconds by allowing validators to exchange votes directly instead of writing votes as transactions into blocks, enabling consensus to be reached within one to two rounds of voting.The Solana Foundation reminds that the transaction statistics containing validator votes may decrease after the upgrade, but user payments and transaction volume may not necessarily decline; applications that simply send transactions and read account balances do not need to migrate. The 150 milliseconds is a simulated target and has not yet been validated in a real mainnet environment, and wallet processing and exchange deposit confirmations may still increase waiting times. The exact date for the mainnet launch has not yet been announced.

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin stated in his opening speech at the 2026 Shanghai Blockchain Week that cryptographic technologies such as Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE), obfuscation techniques, and iO, which were previously considered far from practical, are making rapid progress. Blockchain will also transition from primarily solving "who can send what assets" to an era where it can programmatically determine "who can see what information."Vitalik cited FOCIL (EIP-7805) as an example, stating that the plan involves 16 validators jointly providing a list of included transactions, reducing the ability of a single block builder to censor or delay transactions. He mentioned that in the next five years, more computations will be performed in parallel on user devices, memory pools, and block building stages, and Ethereum will continue to push for the final confirmation time to be significantly reduced from the current approximately 16 minutes to 8-32 seconds.

Nick Tomaino, the founder of 1confirmation, posted on the X platform stating that the investment value of ETH lies in its nature as a trustworthy and neutral store of value, representing the only opportunity on this planet that could potentially reach a scale of over $100 trillion. Currently, the market size of Ethereum is only about $300 billion, which theoretically means there is still a 333-fold increase potential.In the current market, only ETH and BTC are competing for the positioning of "trustworthy and neutral store of value," while all other tokens are essentially "company coins"—prices are driven up by insiders, tied to specific jurisdictions, and heavily reliant on business development (BD) and top-down marketing. Ethereum is also the ecosystem with the strongest social scalability in the crypto space. Serious developers do not want to build applications on your L1; what they seek is greater control and better economic benefits.Robinhood Chain, as an L2, proves this point—it expands the network effects of EVM on one hand while also promoting the distribution of ETH on the other. Nowadays, many early participants of ETH have also started using Robinhood Chain, further reinforcing the overall network effect.

According to The Block, on-chain analytics firm CryptoQuant stated that Bitcoin has entered the early stages of a new bull market, but it still needs to close above the 365-day moving average of nearly $83,000 to gain "official" confirmation.The company also pointed out that the short-term market appears "overheated," with traders and whales taking profits, and the exchange inflow of Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Ripple has increased.

Well-known crypto KOL Ansem posted that signs of a bottom forming are appearing in the crypto market. Firstly, prices are beginning to show resilience against negative news; for example, when Saylor sold millions of dollars in the range of $58,000 to $60,000, BTC continued to form higher lows. Secondly, crypto-native mobile applications are starting to see actual user growth, with Pump.fun's weekly revenue increasing by 20% and Fomo surpassing 100,000 users within a week; institutional interest is also rebounding, including progress from Robinhood Chain and billionaire Paul Tudor Jones publicly bullish on BTC. Additionally, the popularity of crypto-related content on social media is rising again.Ansem stated that if on-chain tokens continue to create higher highs after the initial volume peaks, the number of holders of popular tokens continues to grow, mainstream media refocuses its reporting, developers experiment with new on-chain mechanisms, and successful protocols provide incentives through airdrops, it may further confirm that a new bull market has begun.

Nick Tomaino, founder of 1confirmation, commented on the AI investment fund Situational Awareness regarding the recent discussions surrounding the fund, reflecting a long-standing issue in the investment community: many so-called "elites" and "smart money" lack basic risk judgment capabilities.Tomaino stated that he does not understand all the details of the incident and does not wish to comment on the specific liquidation process, but he believes that a deeper issue is that many investors, driven by wealth and attention, gradually ignore facts, risks, and judgments about others.He cited the collapse of FTX as an example, noting that many people could sense something was off after brief interactions with the founder, but a large amount of "smart money" chose to continue investing and endorsing it in pursuit of returns and market narratives.Tomaino pointed out that the founders of Situational Awareness and the investment circles supporting the fund exhibited similar phenomena: investors of the same type chased grand narratives, provided funding, and promoted publicity, but ultimately the fund fell into trouble due to high-risk bets and market reversals. Industry participants learned lessons to avoid repeating the cycle of "chasing trends—ignoring risks—collectively stepping on landmines."

The latest research from the Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance shows that approximately 31% of Ethereum node activity is located in the United States, with about 39% distributed in the EU region excluding the UK, indicating that the geographical distribution of Ethereum nodes is still relatively concentrated in Western countries. The research leader, Alexander Neumuller, stated that the current node distribution is not concentrated in a single country but primarily relies on a few cloud service providers, including Hetzner, Amazon AWS, and OVH.It is noteworthy that the Ethereum network does not require half of the validators to fail for issues to arise; when more than one-third of validators go offline simultaneously, the network may be unable to complete the finalization of block checkpoints. Neumuller pointed out that nodes and validators do not have a one-to-one correspondence; a single node may run multiple validators, making it currently impossible to accurately assess the actual impact of a specific node or service provider failure on the validation network. Additionally, the research reassessed the energy consumption situation after Ethereum's Merge. The data shows that Ethereum's current annual energy consumption is approximately 7.9 GWh, equivalent to about 1 megawatt of continuous power, which is only about 0.02% of the pre-Merge level, with energy consumption decreasing by approximately 99.98%. Currently, the proportion of sustainable energy used by the Ethereum network exceeds 56%, higher than the global average. The research also pointed out that the concentration of client software is another potential risk; if a dominant client has a vulnerability, it could affect a large number of network participants. The report was published by the Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance, with support from the Ethereum Foundation.

Nick Tomaino, founder of 1confirmation, stated on the X platform that bringing real-world assets (RWA) on-chain will become an important direction for driving the next phase of development in the cryptocurrency industry and is expected to lead to large-scale consumer adoption. The core value of bringing RWA on-chain lies in enabling global users to access asset classes that were previously difficult to obtain. "Global accessibility" has always been one of the most attractive features of the cryptocurrency industry and is also a key reason for the success of crypto assets like Bitcoin and Ethereum.Nick Tomaino believes that crypto assets that drive new behaviors and are built on concepts that go beyond mere monetary value will continue to exist in the long term. However, as the market gradually realizes that the cost of creating tokens is close to zero, the model of relying solely on token issuance to drive price increases is difficult to sustain. The growth cycle of many "speculative tokens" is coming to an end, and the market will enter a new growth phase driven by tokens backed by real assets. Currently, stablecoins have become the most mature case of RWA applications, and in the coming year, the on-chainization of assets such as stocks, commodities, government bonds, corporate bonds, and real estate is expected to accelerate further.Nick Tomaino mentioned that on-chain physical collectibles (such as sports cards and jerseys) could become one of the most worthwhile directions for building and investing in RWA today. As the speculative-driven token cycle gradually recedes, on-chain assets supported by real assets and practical use cases will be key to attracting the next batch of users into the cryptocurrency market.

BIT stated in the latest weekly market observation that Bitcoin has recovered most of its decline from June last week, re-establishing itself above the 200-week moving average and entering the key confirmation range of $63,000 to $66,000.Ethereum's weekly increase is even stronger, indicating that this round of rebound has broader market participation.

In a letter to LP for Q2 2026, 1confirmation partner Nick Tomaino stated that the total cash dividends of the entire fund amounted to approximately $317 million, exceeding the total contributions of all funds of approximately $286 million.

Telegram founder Pavel Durov stated in a personal channel that TON leads in the final confirmation time of blocks among L1 chains. Data shows that TON's final confirmation time is about 0.6 seconds, faster than mainstream L1s like Avalanche (about 1 second) and BNB Chain (about 1.1 seconds), while Ethereum takes 13 minutes and Bitcoin about 1 hour.