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Claude discovered vulnerabilities in the encryption algorithm, posing a theoretical threat to post-quantum security

Anthropic announced that the Claude Mythos Preview model has made breakthroughs in cryptographic research, discovering improved attack methods against the post-quantum digital signature candidate HAWK. HAWK is a post-quantum signature candidate solicited by NIST to combat quantum computer attacks, which has already passed two rounds of expert review. However, Claude reduced the effective key strength of HAWK-256 from 2^64 to 2^38 in just 60 hours, significantly lowering the theoretical cost of cracking. HAWK has not yet been deployed in practice, and this attack currently does not affect any production systems.Claude also discovered an improved attack against 7-round AES, achieving a speed increase of 200 to 800 times. During the research process, Claude independently completed literature reviews, mathematical reasoning, and experimental validation with limited guidance from cryptographers. The HAWK attack took about 60 hours and had an API cost of approximately $100,000; the AES attack was completed independently by Claude, which generated about 1 billion tokens before proposing core innovative ideas. Anthropic researchers then spent hundreds of hours validating the results. Anthropic stated that AI models can now help identify significant flaws in cryptographic algorithms, and the cryptography community may face bottlenecks similar to those in the software vulnerability field—AI-generated research results far exceed human verification capabilities. Anthropic has collaborated with academic institutions to launch the CryptanalysisBench benchmark and coordinated disclosures with NIST authors and government partners. The research team has achieved preliminary results on algorithms such as LEA and Serpent-128. Anthropic warns that as AI capabilities improve, actual attacks against deployed systems may be discovered in the future, necessitating the establishment of response mechanisms in advance.

first_img Coinbase CEO responds to Base community controversy: personal posts are not investment advice and will not endorse any tokens

Coinbase CEO Brian Armstrong posted on X in response to the recent controversy sparked by his profile picture change and the voices from the Base community feeling insufficiently supported. Armstrong made it clear that his personal X account should not be viewed as investment advice or a signal source for individual tokens; he simply shares content online that he finds interesting or funny, and he may not be aware of whether the content relates to a specific token or project. His posts and profile picture do not constitute endorsement or commitment.Armstrong pointed out that Base is committed to building financial services infrastructure, covering tokenized stocks, lending protocols, stablecoin payments, and even meme coin trading. He supports economic freedom and user freedom to trade, but treating his X account as a trading signal is a risk users must bear, which also goes against his own wishes. Regarding support from the Base team or Coinbase, Armstrong stated that many tokens cannot be listed on centralized exchanges due to compliance and regulatory reasons, "If you hope Jesse or I can help pump or call certain tokens, we will not do that."The ways Coinbase has committed to support include hosting offline Base Batches events, providing funding to promising developers, investing in quality projects through Coinbase Ventures and the Base ecosystem fund, and regularly integrating promising Base DeFi protocols into Coinbase products. Currently, the post has over 1.05 million views.

The Russian cryptocurrency criminal liability bill has been postponed for review after the election, with a maximum sentence of 7 years in prison

According to Bits.media, Anatoly Aksakov, chairman of the Financial Market Committee of the State Duma of Russia, stated that the second and third readings of the criminal liability bill for illegal cryptocurrency transactions will be postponed until the new State Duma is reviewed. The reason is that the Duma's spring session will end on July 27, and there will be an election recess from August to September, with the Duma election voting ending on September 20. Therefore, the review will not resume until the autumn session at the earliest.The bill completed its first reading in early July, with a maximum penalty of 7 years in prison for organizing illegal cryptocurrency circulation. The relevant penalty provisions are proposed to officially take effect on July 1, 2027. Under the current regulatory framework, Russian citizens can only buy and sell cryptocurrencies through institutions holding a license from the Central Bank of Russia, and P2P and over-the-counter transactions may face criminal liability. Aksakov denied concerns that the bill would affect cryptocurrency exchanges and P2P users, stating that the related worries are "unfounded." Meanwhile, another Russian government initiative to strengthen state control over cryptocurrencies, the "Digital Currency and Digital Rights Law," has also been postponed, with the original timelines for implementation in July and September now missed.

Vitalik's post details the entire technical tree behind the mainline of the confusion protocol (iO)

Vitalik Buterin published an article titled "Obfuscation: building the final boss of cryptography (Part I)", systematically outlining the entire technical tree behind the mainline of the obfuscation protocol (iO). The article points out that obfuscation technology can transform programs into "encrypted programs", allowing computations on plaintext inputs while hiding internal logic. Theoretically, it can achieve "trustless trusted third parties", and when combined with blockchain, it can build nearly trustless voting systems, auction protocols, and various other applications. However, the current iO scheme, while technically polynomial time, incurs enormous practical overhead, with expected runtimes exceeding the lifespan of the universe.The article details the construction process of lattice-based iO, covering the stacking of primitives such as fully homomorphic encryption (FHE), attribute-based encryption (ABE), obfuscated circuits, function encryption, and XiO. Vitalik stated that the field has moved from "impossible" to "provably secure" over the past decade, but there remains a significant gap to practical application. He proposed three future paths: further optimizing the existing lattice-based route, adopting bolder cryptographic assumptions to simplify constructions, or exploring entirely new assumptions that are completely different from lattices, emphasizing that if any direction succeeds, it will largely "solve cryptography", enabling any protocol describable by an ideal trusted third party to be securely implemented.
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