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Vitalik questions the L2 scaling path, Arbitrum, Optimism, and Base collectively respond towards the direction of de-homogenization

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin recently stated that the initial idea of using L2 as the main scaling engine for Ethereum is no longer reasonable, and he called for second-layer networks to evolve towards stronger specialization. This statement quickly prompted responses from mainstream L2 teams such as Arbitrum, Optimism, and Base.Vitalik pointed out that many L2s still rely on multi-signature bridges and have not fully inherited Ethereum's security; at the same time, with the increase in gas limits and the advancement of native Rollup solutions, the throughput capacity of the Ethereum mainnet itself is strengthening. Against this backdrop, the positioning of L2 needs to be rethought.Karl Floersch, co-founder of the Optimism Foundation, stated that he supports building a modular L2 that covers the entire decentralized spectrum, but also admitted that there are still real challenges such as long withdrawal periods, immature Stage 2 proof mechanisms, and insufficient cross-chain tools.Steven Goldfeder, co-founder of Offchain Labs, the developer of Arbitrum, emphasized that scaling remains the core value of L2. He believes that even if the Ethereum mainnet's capabilities improve, it will be difficult to replace L2's role in handling thousands of TPS during peak times, and warned that if Ethereum is unfriendly to Rollups, institutions may choose independent Layer 1s instead.Jesse Pollak, head of Base, stated that scaling Ethereum L1 is beneficial for the entire ecosystem, while agreeing that L2 cannot just be a cheaper version of Ethereum. He pointed out that Base is forming its own characteristics through application layer differentiation, account abstraction, and privacy features.Additionally, StarkWare CEO Eli Ben-Sasson hinted on social media that ZK-native L2s (such as Starknet) have, to some extent, aligned with the specialization direction proposed by Vitalik. Overall, L2 builders generally accept the trend of de-homogenization and repositioning, but there are still divergences on whether scaling remains a core mission.

Vitalik questions the L2 scaling path, Arbitrum, Optimism, and Base collectively respond in the direction of de-homogenization

According to Cointelegraph, after Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin commented that "the original vision of Layer 2 as the primary scaling engine is no longer applicable," several L2 builders responded, generally agreeing that Rollup needs to move beyond the positioning of "a cheaper Ethereum," but there are disagreements on whether scaling should still be its core role.Optimism co-founder Karl Floersch welcomed the challenge of building a modular L2 stack that supports "full-spectrum decentralization," while acknowledging that there are still major obstacles such as long withdrawal periods, second-stage proofs not being production-ready, and insufficient cross-chain application tools. He supports the native Rollup precompiled solutions emphasized by Buterin.Steven Goldfeder, co-founder of Arbitrum developer Offchain Labs, took a firmer stance, arguing that although the Rollup model has evolved, scaling remains the core value of L2. He pointed out that Arbitrum was not built as "a service of Ethereum," but because Ethereum provides a highly secure and low-cost settlement layer, making large-scale Rollups possible. He warned that if Ethereum is seen as hostile to Rollups, institutions might choose to launch independent Layer 1 chains instead of deploying on Ethereum.Base head Jesse Pollak stated that scaling Ethereum L1 is "a victory for the entire ecosystem," agreeing that L2 cannot just be "a cheaper Ethereum." He mentioned that Base is differentiating itself through applications, account abstraction, and privacy features, and is working towards decentralization in the second stage.StarkWare CEO Eli Ben-Sasson hinted that some ZK-native L2s (like Starknet) believe they already fit the specialized role described by Buterin. The entire Ethereum ecosystem is facing a roadmap adjustment: the base layer aims to enhance its capabilities, while L2 is repositioning itself as a dedicated environment serving different technical needs.

Tom Lee responds to concerns about Ethereum reserve losses suppressing coin prices: This is a feature, not a flaw

BitMine Chairman Tom Lee recently responded to market doubts, denying that the company's substantial unrealized losses in Ethereum reserves would create a "ceiling" on future ETH prices. He stated that experiencing unrealized losses during a market downturn is an "intrinsic characteristic of the Ethereum reserve strategy, not a design flaw."Previously, some commentators claimed that BitMine's holdings of ETH had incurred approximately $6.6 billion in unrealized losses and believed that these ETH would eventually be sold off, thereby suppressing prices, even describing Lee as the "exit liquidity" for early ETH holders. In response, Lee countered that such views "misunderstand the operational logic of Ethereum reserve companies," emphasizing that BitMine's goal is to track and outperform ETH performance over complete market cycles, rather than engage in short-term trading.Data shows that over the past month, ETH prices have dropped nearly 30%, and BitMine's stock price has also fallen by about 30% during the same period. Currently, BitMine holds approximately 4.285 million ETH, accounting for about 3.5% of the circulating supply, making it the largest publicly listed Ethereum reserve company by known scale. Its holdings' market value had approached $14 billion at the end of 2025 and the beginning of 2026, before declining to below $10 billion with the market correction.Lee compared the current situation to an index ETF, stating that experiencing unrealized losses during a systemic downturn is a normal phenomenon, not a strategic failure. The debate surrounding Ethereum reserve companies has also intensified: critics argue that large reserve companies could become a potential source of selling pressure, while supporters emphasize that they are closer to long-term, index-like exposure tools.From a valuation perspective, as the market weakens, most ETH reserve companies' stock prices have fallen below their crypto asset net value (mNAV), which objectively suppresses the motivation for low-priced capital raises and limits dilution risk. Supporters believe that this mechanism acts as a "natural circuit breaker," reserving ammunition for the next cycle.
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