holders

According to CoinDesk, a snapshot from Galaxy Research in October shows that out of approximately 21 million mined Bitcoins, about 11.1 million (approximately 55%) are held in addresses that cannot be linked to exchanges, funds, governments, or other known entities. Alex Thorn, the head of research at Galaxy, stated that this indicates that despite the increasing institutionalization, a significant amount of Bitcoin may still be self-custodied by individuals. Xapo Bank believes this reflects the fact that retail investors have been in the market for over a decade.However, this portion of unallocated Bitcoin does not all belong to individuals who have been self-custodying for the long term; it may also include coins that are inaccessible due to lost private keys or the death of the holder, holdings from institutions or over-the-counter traders that Galaxy has not yet identified, as well as custodial assets spread across multiple addresses. The remaining 45% has been allocated, including ETFs from issuers like exchanges and BlackRock, as well as the U.S. government; among them, the single largest holder is "Satoshi Nakamoto (Patoshi model)," holding 1,123,658 BTC.

Solana's official announcement states that there are currently 1.5 million people holding tokenized equities based on Solana, setting a new historical high. This data has increased fivefold since August.

Long-time Bitcoin critic Peter Schiff stated that Bitcoin has started to weaken again, and the next support level may be $75,000. Bitcoin investors may face a rather tough weekend, especially ETF investors, who will have to wait until Monday to sell.

Bitwise released a report indicating that Bitcoin is currently holding resiliently around $82,000, a price level close to the spot ETF holding cost. Key support levels below include the short-term holder cost price of approximately $74,800 and the real market average of about $77,600. The former can serve as a reference for judging the short-term market direction, while the latter corresponds to the price level at which half of the invested capital in the market is in profit or loss. The price range formed by these two points may become the dividing line between bulls and bears.The trading range for Bitcoin over the past 30 days and 60 days has narrowed to 1.8% and 3.0%, respectively, with the implied volatility at-the-money for each term also approaching the lower end of the distribution range over the past three years. Among them, the 3-month and 6-month implied volatility are at the 0.8 and 0.2 percentiles of historical distribution, indicating that the market's pricing for future volatility has dropped to extremely low levels.So far this week, net inflows into U.S. Bitcoin spot ETFs have reached $1.074 billion, rising in sync with the cumulative trading volume of the spot market, providing support for Bitcoin prices and offsetting some macro pressures. However, realized profits in the market have also increased, particularly among long-term holders. Meanwhile, the net position change indicator for long-term holders is negative, suggesting they may be in a distribution phase, which could be one reason for the ongoing consolidation of Bitcoin prices.

According to a report by Politico, Joel Greenberg, a shareholder of Circle Internet Group and a former software engineer at the company, filed a lawsuit in a U.S. federal court on Thursday, accusing U.S. President Donald Trump and his family of benefiting from two transactions involving the United Arab Emirates through the cryptocurrency company World Liberty Financial (WLFI), allegedly violating the U.S. Constitution's Foreign Emoluments Clause. This clause restricts the president from accepting money or other benefits from foreign governments without congressional approval.The lawsuit states that the first transaction occurred before Trump's second term began, in which he sold 49% of WLFI for $500 million, with the related funds reportedly coming from the UAE. After Trump took office, he reportedly earned millions from this transaction. The second transaction involved an investment fund established by the UAE government purchasing $2 billion worth of digital currency from the Trump family. The plaintiff alleges that this transaction inflated the value of the cryptocurrency assets held by Trump and generated millions in interest income for him, while significantly expanding the circulation of his stablecoin.

Cryptocurrency analyst Axel Adler Jr. stated that as of October 21, the proportion of new investors' funds in the Bitcoin network has risen from a year-to-date low of 6.6% on July 5 to 11.2%, indicating that new funds are gradually returning, but the inflow remains below the levels of over 20% seen in 2024 and 2025.Currently, the price of Bitcoin is approximately $82,300, with the average holding cost for short-term holders at $75,100, resulting in an overall unrealized profit of about 9.5%. This group has been in a profitable state for 63 consecutive days since August 20, with the unrealized profit ratio reaching 16% on October 5. If the proportion of new investors' funds exceeds 11.5%, it will indicate a further increase in buyer demand; if it falls back below 10%, it suggests that the inflow of new funds may stagnate. If Bitcoin drops below $75,100, the overall short-term holders will turn to a loss, and related selling pressure may increase accordingly.

According to BBX data, yesterday global publicly listed companies in the U.S. stock market and mainstream financial institutions disclosed the latest developments in the disposal of crypto asset treasury, corporate governance accountability, and Layer 2 security tokenization cooperation. The core information is as follows:Shareholder Bastion Trading, holding approximately 9.99% of SkyAI shares, issued a statement pressuring for accountability regarding the liquidation of SOL and demanding a board restructuring: Major shareholder Bastion Trading, which holds approximately 9.99% of the NASDAQ-listed company SkyAI (NASDAQ: $SKYA), officially released a statement requesting that SkyAI's Executive Chairman Paul K. Danner III and three directors Soren Bo Christiansen, Timothy J. Ruemler, and Jason L. Monroe publicly explain their specific roles in evaluating, approving the takeover offer, and overseeing the complete liquidation of SOL, including who authorized and supervised the liquidation, reviewed the timing of the transaction, execution methods, counterparties, and transaction costs.Meritz Securities of South Korea signs MOU with Optimism Foundation to explore tokenized financial asset clearing based on OP Stack: South Korea's mainstream financial institution Meritz Securities announced the signing of a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with the Optimism Foundation. The two parties will jointly study the issuance, clearing, and distribution framework of tokenized financial assets based on OP Mainnet and other OP Stack networks, deeply exploring the commercial viability of using Ethereum public Layer 2 as a financial-grade distribution and clearing infrastructure. Meritz Securities stated that it will focus on exploring tokenized financial products based on high-quality local assets within the legal and licensing compliance framework, and will promote implementation in conjunction with the progress of South Korea's security token offering (STO) regulations. Previously, KB Securities and DB Securities in South Korea have also successively accessed the OP Stack ecosystem to explore related tokenization businesses.

The NFT project Bored Ape Yacht Club (BAYC) officially announced the launch of the physical and digital collectible card series Mudwater based on Solana, and has airdropped 6,551 Totems paired with all BAYC and MAYC for claiming card packs. Each BAYC can claim 10 packs, each MAYC can claim 2 packs, each pack contains 10 cards, and there are a total of 10,000 boxes with 24 packs each.The series includes 120 pieces of artwork and features flash cards, numbered cards, and cracked ice rare cards, among which 8 cracked ice cards are 1/1 exclusive cards. The physical cards are printed by Orange Cap Games using their orange core paper.2.5% of each transaction will be used to purchase APE and distributed according to the proportion of collectors holding the Mudwater series. Totems, card packs, and cards are now available for trading on OpenSea, and future support will allow card packs to be upgraded to boxed and case versions.

Analysts from IT Tech pointed out that in the past 30 days, only 4.4% of BTC held for 6-12 months flowed into exchanges, while this proportion was as high as 40.4% in mid-June. These BTC mainly come from holders who bought near or after the peak in 2025.The monthly moving volume remains between 143,700 and 216,500 BTC, but the proportion flowing to exchanges has continued to decline significantly: mid-June: 40.4%, mid-July: 30.9%, mid-August: 9.8%, mid-September: 3.7%, mid-October: 4.4%. Analysts believe that high-position buyers have basically stopped selling, which alleviates the resistance to price increases. However, the market still needs new buying pressure to drive prices up, and currently, new buying pressure has not yet appeared significantly.

Glassnode and Coinbase Institutional jointly released the Q4 2026 "Charting Crypto" report. The report suggests that Bitcoin has transitioned from a bottoming phase to an initial recovery in Q3, with an overall positive outlook for Q4, although caution is still advised in the short term.The report shows that the net unrealized profit and loss indicator (NUPL) for Bitcoin has returned to the "optimistic/anxious" range, still below the threshold of the "belief/denial" phase. The supply of Bitcoin that has not moved for over a year continues to increase, with long-term holders largely maintaining their positions during the rebound, and the return of new participants has driven a recent rise in active supply. As of the end of September, there is a dense cost area for Bitcoin above the price, which includes the resistance area that previously limited the rise in September, while multiple layers of support are distributed below.

Cryptocurrency analyst Axel Adler Jr stated that short-term holders currently hold approximately 4.08 million Bitcoins, the highest since mid-June. This is an increase of about 422,000 since the low on July 29, representing a growth of about 12%. In the first two weeks of October, there was an increase of about 154,000, and in the past week, an increase of about 48,000. He noted that new buyers mostly entered the market in the range of approximately $82,000 to $86,000.As of now, the average cost for short-term holders is about $74,900, with unrealized profit buffer narrowing from about 16% to around 10%. Axel Adler Jr mentioned that $74,900 is the breakeven point for this group, and prices have consistently remained above this cost since August 20. If it falls below this cost, the group will collectively enter into unrealized losses, or increase selling pressure.

On-chain analyst Murphy posted on the X platform, stating that during the recent decline of BTC, the scale of short-term holders (STH) transferring BTC to exchanges has significantly increased, averaging about 2,200 BTC transferred per hour over a 4-hour period, reaching the fourth highest level since the market rally began in August this year. However, the peak of transfers has fallen below that of October 8, indicating that the potential selling pressure from short-term holders has weakened.In contrast, long-term holders (LTH) transferred an average of only about 480 BTC to exchanges per hour during the same period, which is about one-fifth of the short-term holders. Murphy pointed out that on October 8, long-term holders experienced a peak transfer of about 3,700 BTC per hour, which may be partly related to asset transfers triggered by security incidents involving hardware wallets. However, considering that both short-term and long-term holders experienced large-scale transfers that day, and the rapid decline in BTC prices, there remains actual selling pressure in the market. Murphy believes that during the current decline, the main transfers to exchanges are from short-term holders, while long-term holders remain relatively stable overall, and the intensity of transfers from short-term holders has weakened compared to before, reflecting that the structure of BTC holders still has a certain resilience.

Bitfinex stated that the average holding cost for long-term Bitcoin holders is approximately $49,300, with a current unrealized profit of about 64%; the average cost for recent buyers is around $74,400, with a current unrealized profit of only about 9%.Bitfinex pointed out that if the BTC price continues to decline, recent buyers may face greater selling pressure first. In contrast, long-term holders have a thicker buffer of unrealized profit.

Cryptocurrency market analyst Axel Adler Jr. stated that on-chain data shows the average cost basis for Bitcoin long-term holders (LTH) is $48,600, with the current price approximately 72% higher than their cost. This group has remained profitable since January 2023, with the last close to the cost line occurring in March 2023.The average cost basis for LTH peaked at $49,500 on July 30 and has since decreased by 1.7%. Since August 1, there have been 60 negative weekly changes out of 74 days, with the largest single-week decline being 0.34% on August 25, and the current reading is -0.06%. The analyst pointed out that this decline is still moderate, and if it continues to drop, it would indicate an acceleration of selling, while a return to positive values would mean that long-term holders are starting to accumulate again.

Cryptocurrency analyst Darkfost stated that the Bitcoin long-term holder SOPR (Spent Output Profit Ratio) has re-established itself above the 1.1 annual average line and maintained that level, indicating that the average profit margin achieved by long-term holders over the past year is about 10%. Currently, the weekly average of BTC long-term holder SOPR is 1.25, and the monthly average is 1.16, both above the annual average, suggesting an improvement in market conditions and that long-term holders are starting to realize profits again.Darkfost pointed out that this change is worth comparing to the previous bear market: at that time, as the bear market approached its end, long-term holders also began to profit again. He believes that moderate profits in the market are a positive signal and may further boost investor expectations for the future market.

Trader Killa stated on platform X that the supply of short-term holders (STH) of Bitcoin has recently reached "overheated" levels, a situation similar to the market's behavior after breaking away from the macro bottom in 2023, which could be another signal of a market bottom forming.Killa pointed out that after the supply of Bitcoin short-term holders reached similar highs in 2023, the BTC price continued to rise and maintained an upward trend in higher time frame (HTF) trends. The current market structure is quite similar to previous cycles, and investors should not overly rely on the fear and greed index to judge market direction. Killa indicated that market sentiment may remain irrational in the long term, and short-term sentiment indicators do not necessarily reflect long-term trends.

The proposal for the activation of ENSv2 for Ethereum Name Service (ENS) states that after the official launch of ENSv2, new registrations for ENSv1 will cease, while existing .eth domain holders will not face a migration deadline and can continue to retain and use their registered domains.The proposal also arranges for ENS Labs to transfer its remaining management roles for ENSv2 to the ENS DAO, handing over the relevant management authority to the community.

On-chain analyst Murphy posted on platform X that long-term holders (LTH) of Bitcoin have cumulatively transferred approximately 32,000 BTC to exchanges, marking the second-largest single-day inflow since the significant drop on February 5 of this year. However, during the same period, U.S. government-related wallets transferred about 17,200 BTC to Coinbase Prime. Considering that this platform serves as the official custodian and trading service for the U.S. Marshals Service, these transfers do not necessarily indicate selling.Excluding this portion, the noteworthy potential selling pressure is approximately 14,800 BTC, primarily coming from long-term holdings aged 6 to 12 months and 3 to 5 years. Murphy pointed out that the average coin age of spent long-term holder coins reached 712 days, up from 651 days on July 14, indicating that earlier holdings are gradually participating in turnover. He believes that the distribution by long-term holders during the transition phase between bull and bear markets is not necessarily bearish; the release of periodic selling pressure can help in the redistribution of holdings, with the key being whether market demand can effectively absorb it. If new funds can digest the supply, sufficient turnover may actually reduce resistance for subsequent market movements.

Bitfinex stated that Bitcoin typically transfers to trading platforms before being sold, but during the drop of BTC from $87,000, there was almost no behavior of Bitcoin held for 6 months or more.Data shows that nearly all Bitcoin flowing into trading platforms recently has only been transferred in the past week. Bitfinex pointed out that true market capitulation usually requires long-term holders to start transferring and selling their chips, but there are currently no signs of this.

Analyst Axel Adler posted on platform X that short-term holders (STH) of Bitcoin are still selling profitable Bitcoin through exchanges. In the past 7 days, the number of relevant Bitcoins transferred to exchanges by short-term holders was approximately 11,000, a decrease of about 66% from the previous peak of 32,000, indicating that selling pressure has eased.