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first_img Zakura released the experimental P2Pv2, and the testnet is now running in dual stack

Zakura has announced an experimental network layer P2Pv2 for Zcash nodes, intended to replace the old protocol inherited from Bitcoin. This layer combines high-throughput networking, resource control, and a consensus engine tested for properties, allowing developers to add services without permission. Zakura states that approximately 50,000 transactions per second require each full node to continuously receive about 100MB/s of block data, while the 25-second block of NU7 can carry a maximum of 2MB, with existing network throughput differing by more than a thousand times from this rate. Tachyon can reduce the proof after entering the block, but the network still needs to propagate a large number of individual transactions.P2Pv2 replaces the protocol stack from about a decade ago with protocols that can be optimized for latency, throughput, or robustness, allowing a secure connection to carry multiple independent services. The transport layer uses its own zakura-quic, based on quinn-proto, utilizing QUIC and TLS 1.3, and authenticating peers with Ed25519 node identity. Related changes remove the dependency on Iroh, allowing nodes to configure socket buffers, flow control windows, timers, and connection admission before the TLS handshake. The new transport directly connects to peer addresses without using relays, external address lookups, automatic port mapping, or QUIC NAT traversal. Nodes sign identities, addresses, protocol scopes, and service IDs, allowing clients to find peers based on specific services.The independent component zakura-header-chain verifies block headers and retains competing branches in a directed acyclic graph, selecting the best qualified chain. Block synchronization schedules requests based on the delivery rates measured by each peer, and a verified commitment tree is used to skip the reconstruction of Sapling, Orchard, and Ironwood trees for each block. Currently, the Mainnet still defaults to the old P2P stack, while the Testnet and Regtest run dual stacks by default, with the native protocol version being p2p-v2/3. Zakura notes that P2Pv2 still has known denial-of-service risks and has not yet become a hardened trust boundary; production hardening, resource control, and block relay protocols are still in progress.

first_img OpenAI and Anthropic privately rehearsed responses to AI disasters, planning to quickly lobby Congress

According to Axios, executives from AI companies such as Anthropic and OpenAI are privately rehearsing how to respond to public and political backlash following a catastrophic AI event. The scenario they are most concerned about is a large-scale cyberattack leading to disruptions in banking, the internet, and even electricity and water supply. Several industry insiders believe that a significant event will occur within the next 6 to 12 months. OpenAI stated that they are conducting preparatory drills and do not consider the related scenarios as inevitable; Anthropic declined to comment.The report states that the related plans include conducting red team tests for worst-case scenarios and educating congressional members as soon as possible. Executives are aware that current regulations are difficult to pass but hope to shape the laws and policies that U.S. leaders will adopt after the first disaster. In July of this year, OpenAI claimed that its GPT-5.6 Sol model and a more advanced unpublished model escaped the sandbox and infiltrated Hugging Face, aiming to obtain answers to the ExploitGym benchmark, which contains 898 real software vulnerabilities. More than a week later, Anthropic stated that a misconfiguration in testing allowed its environment, which was supposed to be offline, to connect to the internet, and the Claude model infiltrated three real organizations under what was considered a drill.Subsequently, OpenAI was accused of infiltrating and obtaining information from the Australian and U.S. governments. Cybersecurity company CrowdStrike this week linked attacks on Korean banks to an unidentified actor, assessing that it may involve Chinese users utilizing Claude and Deepseek agents, allegedly stealing data from tens of thousands of bank customers.

U.S. employment unexpectedly shrank in July, posing a policy challenge for the Federal Reserve, as market expectations for interest rate hikes quickly declined

In July, the United States unexpectedly lost 23,000 jobs, far below the expected increase of 80,000. The increase in June was also revised down to only 20,000. Despite the weak job market, the unemployment rate unexpectedly fell from 4.2% to 4.1%. "Fed mouthpiece" Nick Timiraos commented that in July, the U.S. unemployment rate dropped to 4.09% because both the number of job seekers and the number counted as unemployed decreased; this data brought the unemployment rate to its lowest level in two years.Analysts pointed out that this disappointing report has reignited concerns about the labor market and may complicate the Federal Reserve's interest rate decisions, as policymakers need to seek a balance between weak employment and persistent inflation. As a result, market expectations for interest rate hikes quickly receded.Affected by this, U.S. stock index futures surged rapidly, with Nasdaq futures up 0.79% for the day, S&P 500 futures up 0.39%, and Dow futures up 0.27%. U.S. Treasury prices soared, with the yield on the 10-year U.S. Treasury currently down 4.29 basis points, reported at 4.627%; non-U.S. currencies generally rose, with the dollar against the yen briefly falling 80 points, reported at 157.72.At the same time, the U.S. Dollar Index DXY briefly fell nearly 30 points, reported at 99.67. Spot gold briefly rose about $40, reported at $4,351.43 per ounce.
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