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"The Fed's Mouthpiece": How Waller Explains Inflation Determines the Path He Will Take

According to Nick Timiraos, a reporter for the Wall Street Journal, known as the "Fed's megaphone," in his latest article, Federal Reserve Chairman Kevin Walsh will face a core issue during his first major speech this week in Jackson Hole: whether the persistently high inflation in the United States is caused by one-time shocks such as tariffs and wars, or if the economy itself is still overheating.This judgment will directly determine the direction of interest rates and is currently the biggest divergence within the Federal Reserve. In the July meeting, three officials supported a rate hike, while other officials indicated the possibility of further tightening policies, but Walsh has not made a clear statement. Since taking office, he has deliberately reduced policy guidance, and now both the market and his Federal Reserve colleagues are waiting for him to systematically explain his judgment for the first time.The key to Walsh's term ultimately depends on how he explains why the previous policies failed to bring inflation back to 2%. If the policies of lowering interest rates and supporting employment over the past two years were fundamentally wrong because the labor market is actually stronger than the Federal Reserve judged, then Walsh needs to push for a reversal of interest rate cuts. However, this would conflict with the previous demands from Trump and Bessenet for further rate cuts.

Thailand's SEC accuses Bitkub executives of concealing a $50 million hacking loss and has filed a criminal complaint

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) of Thailand has filed a criminal complaint against the cryptocurrency exchange Bitkub Online and two former directors, Sakolkorn Sakavee and Thaweesap Rawan, accusing them of submitting false financial reports between May and October 2021. The case has been handed over to the Economic Crime Suppression Division (ECD) of Thailand for investigation, and the prosecution will decide whether to formally charge them.The SEC stated that Bitkub suffered a cyber attack in May 2021, resulting in the theft of 16 types of digital assets, with losses exceeding $50 million. Regulatory investigations revealed that Bitkub did not reflect the relevant losses in its daily net capital report Form DA 1 from May 10 to October 30, 2021. The SEC alleged that the relevant executives made false statements in the company's official documents, leading regulators to believe that customer assets were intact and that the company had not suffered financial losses. Bitkub subsequently completed the acquisition of alternative assets in late October 2021, but the SEC believes that the reports during this period constituted false statements.In a statement on July 23, Bitkub asserted that existing customer holdings are secure and accounts are complete. Bitkub stated that its co-founders purchased alternative assets in the same quantity and currency to cover the losses and claimed that the cyber theft incident was reported to law enforcement on May 10, 2021.

The Ethereum Foundation published an article explaining the collaborative vision between L1 and L2, clarifying the role positioning of each layer

The Ethereum Foundation today released a systematic explanation regarding the evolution of the roles of L1 and L2. The core point indicates that as the ecosystem matures, the primary goal of L2 has shifted from "scaling Ethereum" to "providing differentiated functions, customized services, and autonomous controllable areas," while scaling has become a secondary focus.The Foundation has redefined the roles of L1 and L2 as follows:· L1: As a permissionless, highly resilient global settlement layer, it undertakes the functions of shared state, liquidity, and DeFi hub, and must continue to scale while maintaining censorship resistance, open source, privacy, and security.· L2: While developing its own on-chain economy, it will extend Ethereum's core attributes to a broader user base, forming a "full-spectrum" ecosystem.The Foundation clarifies that L2s with the highest integration with L1 should pursue synchronous composability, complete interoperability, shared liquidity, and Stage 2 mechanisms. A large number of L2s with diverse business models and technical expertise will continue to play an important role, providing functionalities that L1 does not possess.The Ethereum Foundation stated that it will continue to invest in technology to help L2 smoothly extend L1's core attributes and securely access cross-layer liquidity, while emphasizing that L2 must maintain transparency and verifiability of its security attributes.

Vitalik published an article explaining the Ethereum scaling plan, covering short-term gas optimization and the phased deployment of long-term ZK-EVM

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin posted on the X platform that Ethereum's scalability is divided into short-term and long-term parts.In the short term, the Glamsterdam upgrade will introduce block-level access lists for parallel validation, ePBS will allow a larger proportion of time slots for block validation, and gas repricing will ensure that operational costs align with actual execution time.The multi-dimensional gas mechanism will be implemented in phases, starting with Glamsterdam, where the "state creation" cost will be separated from the "execution and calldata" cost, with state creation gas not counted towards the approximately 16 million transaction gas limit. The EVM level will introduce a "reservoir" dimension mechanism, which will prioritize the consumption of dedicated dimension gas by default, and when insufficient, will draw from the reservoir. This will eventually transition to multi-dimensional pricing, where different dimensions may have different floating gas prices.Long-term scalability includes ZK-EVM and blob components. In terms of blobs, there are plans to continuously iterate PeerDAS, aiming to achieve approximately 8MB of data processing capacity per second, with future Ethereum block data directly entering blobs.The ZK-EVM aspect will be implemented in phases: by 2026, there will be a validator client supporting ZK-EVM, allowing about 5% of the network to rely on it; by 2027, this will expand to a larger proportion of a few nodes while advancing formal verification; once conditions are mature, it will transition to a five-out-of-three mandatory proof mechanism, ultimately continuously enhancing the security and formal verification level of ZK-EVM, and involving changes to VMs such as RISC-V.
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