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eu

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union composed of 27 European countries, aimed at promoting cooperation and development among member states through a unified legal system and common market policies. The EU's influence in the field of cryptocurrency and blockchain is mainly reflected in its formulation of regulatory policies and legal frameworks for digital assets, to ensure market stability and consumer protection.
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first_img The European Central Bank calls on e-commerce merchants to participate in the digital euro pilot, aiming for issuance in 2029

According to CoinDesk, the European Central Bank (ECB) called on e-commerce and mobile commerce merchants in the Eurozone on Tuesday to participate in the digital euro pilot program, preparing for the potential issuance of a retail central bank digital currency in 2029. The pilot will test the technology, operational processes, and user experience of the currency's beta version, which, while similar to the digital euro, is not legal tender.The pilot will last for 12 months and is scheduled to launch in the second half of 2027, with the final issuance still requiring legislative and management committee decisions. In the weeks prior, the European Central Bank selected 36 banks and payment institutions to participate in the testing phase. The pilot will involve the European Central Bank, the central banks of 19 Eurozone countries, and selected merchants, with central bank staff testing scenarios such as online and offline transfers between individuals, in-store payments, e-commerce, and mobile commerce payments.European Central Bank President Christine Lagarde stated that the digital euro is essential for maintaining European monetary sovereignty and reducing dependence on dollar-pegged stablecoins. The European Central Bank believes that the proliferation of private dollar stablecoins like Tether's USDT and Circle's USDC poses a threat to European monetary autonomy. Isadora Arredondo, Vice President of Global Policy at Hedera, stated that the success of the digital euro depends more on commercial viability, and merchants need incentives, while payment service providers may consider lowering the fees for merchants accepting digital euro payments.

first_img Tonkeeper has been renamed Keeper, supporting Bitcoin, Ethereum, and 7 other networks

TON ecosystem self-custody wallet Tonkeeper announced its rebranding to Keeper and expanded from a single TON wallet to a multi-chain wallet supporting 7 blockchain networks. According to a statement disclosed exclusively to The Block, Keeper now supports TON, Bitcoin, Ethereum, TRON, BNB Smart Chain, Arbitrum, and Base. Tonkeeper claims to be the largest self-custody wallet in the TON ecosystem, with over 77 million registered users.Andrew Rogozov, founder and CEO of The Open Platform, stated that Keeper is the next chapter, aiming to bring the wallet experience known for its simplicity from TON to a broader crypto economy, with the goal of creating the default self-custody wallet for a multi-chain world, allowing users to freely hold, trade, and spend across any chain. This rebranding follows changes in the management of Tonkeeper, as The Open Platform took over the operational leadership of the wallet last month, while co-founders Oleg Andreev and Oleg Illarionov remain shareholders.Keeper also includes a gas-free transaction infrastructure called Battery, which allows users to pay network fees without holding the native gas tokens of each chain. The Open Platform plans to expand Battery to all supported networks within the next year and launch native DeFi services, daily payment tools, cross-chain exchanges, a built-in decentralized application browser, and more financial products such as perpetual contract trading.

first_img The EU Cyber Resilience Act comes into effect, requiring cryptocurrency wallet providers to report vulnerabilities within 24 hours

According to Cointelegraph, the European Union's Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) officially came into effect on September 11, requiring cryptocurrency hardware and software wallet providers to submit early warning reports within 24 hours upon discovering actively exploited vulnerabilities or serious security flaws, and to submit complete notifications within 72 hours. Manufacturers must also submit final reports within 14 days after taking corrective or mitigating measures, while serious incidents must be reported within one month.The European Commission stated that the new reporting requirements aim to better protect consumers and businesses from cyber threats, applicable to all "products with digital elements" sold in the EU market, and are built upon the EU's broader cybersecurity strategy. According to the penalty provisions of the final draft, companies that fail to comply with Articles 13 and 14 may face administrative fines of up to €15 million (approximately $17.3 million) or 2.5% of their global annual turnover, whichever is higher; providing incorrect, incomplete, or misleading information may also incur fines of up to €5 million.Before the implementation of this measure, several hardware wallet manufacturers recently disclosed incidents of user data breaches. On September 4, Trezor revealed that a data breach involving its logistics provider ShipMonk affected approximately 67,000 U.S. customers, exceeding the initial estimate of 14,000; this week, Trezor and BitBox also warned users to be cautious of phishing emails disguised as urgent security notifications. In June, the Layer-1 blockchain network Zilliqa warned of vulnerabilities in its Ledger application, where attackers could exploit publicly available on-chain data to recover user private keys.

European Securities and Markets Authority report: Tokenized stocks may lead to liquidity fragmentation

According to Ledger Insights, the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) recently published the "Trends, Risks, and Vulnerabilities Report for the First Half of 2026," in which digital assets and prediction markets occupy three chapters. Regarding crypto assets, the report warns that the increasing ties between cryptocurrencies and the traditional financial sector pose risks. Concerning tokenization, the report points out that issuing different tokenized versions of the same stock may lead to fragmented liquidity.As for prediction markets, the report believes that prediction markets have not yet seen significant development in Europe. This is because major platforms do not yet hold EU licenses, and in most cases, they need to obtain licenses. The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) outlines some potential advantages of tokenization, including increased efficiency, expanded investor access, programmability, and atomic settlement. On the other hand, ESMA also questions how much these advantages are actually realized within these encapsulated structures.Since the ownership of the underlying stocks is off-chain, there is no single data source on-chain, and self-custody can only be achieved indirectly through these structures. Tokenization structures also introduce additional layers of intermediaries, leading to complexity and risk. The settlement advantages are also difficult to realize. Even if token transfers occur on-chain, the cash portion of the transaction is usually settled separately, whether through bank payments or other channels. This means that for certain transactions, the promised atomic settlement (i.e., simultaneous delivery of securities and cash) has not yet been achieved.
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