peerdas

Vitalik Buterin stated that Ethereum is close to solving the long-standing problem of the "blockchain trilemma" at the practical operational level. He pointed out that two key upgrades, PeerDAS and ZK-EVM, are making Ethereum a "brand new, more powerful decentralized network."Vitalik mentioned that PeerDAS has been launched on the mainnet in 2025, while ZK-EVM, although still in the phase of enhancing security, has reached production-level performance and is expected to begin small-scale usage in the network in 2026. He further outlined that in the coming years, Ethereum will gradually achieve a balance between decentralization, security, and high throughput by increasing the gas limit, adjusting the state structure, and introducing more ZK-EVM-based verification methods. He emphasized that this is not just a theoretical concept, but a long-term engineering achievement built on operational code.Vitalik also reflected that Ethereum has invested nearly 10 years in addressing data availability and scalability issues, and this vision is now gradually coming to fruition.

Vitalik Buterin stated that the current ZK-EVM has entered the alpha stage, demonstrating production-level performance, with the remaining major work focused on security; meanwhile, PeerDAS has officially launched on the Ethereum mainnet. Vitalik pointed out that this is not a gradual optimization, but rather a transformation of Ethereum into a new type of P2P network that simultaneously possesses decentralization, consensus mechanisms, and high bandwidth.He recalled that BitTorrent has high bandwidth but lacks consensus, while Bitcoin has consensus but is bandwidth-limited due to full replication; with the introduction of PeerDAS (data availability sampling) and ZK-EVM, Ethereum is expected to achieve decentralization, consensus, and high throughput simultaneously, solving the trilemma through "real code running on the mainnet." Among these, PeerDAS is already running on the mainnet, and ZK-EVM has reached production-level performance.Vitalik expects that starting in 2026, with the advancement of mechanisms like BAL and ePBS, the gas limit will gradually increase, and there will be practical opportunities to run ZK-EVM nodes; from 2026 to 2028, there will be gas repricing, state structure adjustments, and execution load entering blobs; by 2027 to 2030, ZK-EVM is expected to become the primary method for validating blocks on the network, further promoting an increase in the gas limit. Additionally, he mentioned the importance of distributed block construction, with the long-term goal of avoiding the complete construction of blocks in any single location and decentralizing block construction power through on-protocol or off-protocol means to reduce the risk of centralized intervention and enhance regional fairness.

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin stated that he has previously complained about the Ethereum Foundation's lack of experience in the P2P network layer, focusing more on cryptoeconomics, BFT consensus, and the block layer, often taking the network layer for granted. However, the situation has changed, as demonstrated by the performance of PeerDAS.He mentioned that members of the foundation, such as @raulvk, have made "heroic contributions" in promoting the smooth operation of PeerDAS and in developing a roadmap for faster dissemination, stronger resistance, and parallel improvements in network privacy, and he looks forward to further progress.

Vitalik Buterin posted to celebrate the successful upgrade of Ethereum Fusaka, stating that the PeerDAS implementation in the Fusaka upgrade has achieved sharding and data availability sampling: this has been Ethereum's long-standing dream.While a secondary increase in transaction scale has been achieved on Layer 2 by increasing blob capacity—according to recent analysis, L2 fees may decrease by 40-60%—Layer 1 remains constrained until zero-knowledge EVM matures, while also requiring distributed block construction and sharded memory pools. This marks a critical evolution in blockchain scalability, filling a decade-long roadmap gap since Ethereum's sharding vision in 2015, with the next two years focused on optimizing the stability of PeerDAS and expanding to L1 gas limits for broader throughput.

The 17th major upgrade of Ethereum, "Fusaka," has officially activated on the mainnet at epoch 411392, just about 7 months after the Pectra upgrade in May. This upgrade not only brings multiple UX and scalability improvements but also marks Ethereum's formal entry into an accelerated development rhythm of "two hard forks a year." Consensys stated that Ethereum researchers will aim for two upgrades per year in the future.Since the Merge in 2022, Ethereum has typically undergone only one major update per year, namely Shapella (2023), Dencun (2024), and Pectra (2025). Fusaka introduces several key technical changes, including a new sampling technique "PeerDAS" that affects data availability and pricing. This upgrade includes a total of 9 core EIPs and 4 accompanying EIPs, making it one of the largest upgrades in Ethereum's history by certain statistical standards.

The Ethereum Foundation has released the Fusaka upgrade announcement, which states: The Fusaka network upgrade is scheduled to activate on the Ethereum mainnet at slot 13,164,544, expected on December 3, 2025, at 21:49:11 UTC. This upgrade introduces the Blob Parameter Only (BPO) fork to safely scale blob throughput after the activation of PeerDAS.The main feature of Fusaka is PeerDAS (Peer Data Availability Sampling), which can significantly enhance blob throughput. Fusaka also optimizes the execution layer and consensus layer to improve L1 layer performance and enhance user experience.

ChainCatcher news, according to The Block, Ethereum Foundation researchers have officially finalized the mainnet hard fork date two days after the final testnet deployment of Ethereum's next major upgrade, Fusaka. In Thursday's all-core developer conference call, Ethereum Foundation researchers stated that Fusaka will officially launch on December 3.The backward-compatible Fusaka hard fork will implement about a dozen Ethereum Improvement Proposals aimed at enhancing the sustainability, security, and scalability of the base chain and the surrounding second-layer ecosystem. Notably, Fusaka will introduce PeerDAS technology, providing validators with a more efficient data access method. PeerDAS was originally planned to be included in Ethereum's previous major upgrade, Pectra, in February of this year, but was postponed due to testing requirements. Additionally, Fusaka will increase Ethereum's block gas limit from 30 million units to 150 million units, and is expected to quickly double blob capacity.

ChainCatcher news, according to Cointelegraph, Ethereum is entering the final testnet phase ahead of the Fusaka upgrade scheduled for December 3. This upgrade introduces a single transaction gas limit of approximately 16.78 million units to improve block efficiency and prepare the network for parallel execution, and it has now been activated on the Holesky and Sepolia testnets.The gas limit restricts the processing capacity available for a single transaction, ensuring that no single transaction can monopolize an entire block, allowing the network to handle activities more evenly. The next phase of the Fusaka upgrade is planned for deployment on the Hoodi testnet on October 28, with the mainnet expected to launch in December 2025. The Fusaka upgrade (EIP-7825) is an important part of Ethereum's roadmap, following the Dencun upgrade in March 2024 and the Pectra upgrade on May 6, 2025.This upgrade introduces the following changes: raising Ethereum's default block gas limit to 60 million, setting the single transaction gas limit to 16.77 million (EIP-7825), and launching PeerDAS—the core feature of this upgrade. PeerDAS (Peer Data Availability Sampling) allows Ethereum nodes to store only a small random portion of the second layer "data blocks" instead of the entire dataset. This approach reduces hardware requirements while maintaining network security and enables cheaper, higher-throughput scaling for second layer networks.

ChainCatcher news, according to CoinDesk, following the successful deployment of the Pectra upgrade, Ethereum core developers have shifted their focus to the next major upgrade "Fusaka," which is planned to go live by the end of 2025. It has been confirmed that a proposal involving PeerDAS will be included, aimed at reducing the operational costs of Layer 2 scaling solutions and validators.PeerDAS (Peer-to-Peer Data Availability Sampling) is a data availability sampling mechanism that allows nodes to verify availability without downloading the complete data, thereby improving network efficiency and reducing resource consumption. This mechanism is expected to further optimize Ethereum's scaling capabilities, enhancing the network's scalability and decentralization features.It is reported that the specific details of the Fusaka upgrade are still under discussion, but developers have reached a consensus on the introduction of PeerDAS.

ChainCatcher news, Galaxy's Vice President of Research Christine Kim published a summary of the 141st Ethereum Core Developers Consensus (ACDC) call.This week, developers discussed modifications to the Ethereum Consensus Layer (CL), various updates to the consensus layer specifications and engine API in the Pectra upgrade (including EIP7251 and Beacon block body, etc.), and how to address the proof computation issues for resource-constrained node operators (primarily Home Stakers) in PeerDAS. PeerDAS Devnet2 is expected to be rebuilt on the basis of the Pectra upgrade, rather than Deneb.

ChainCatcher news, Ethereum core development team leader Péter Szilágyi recently issued a warning on social media, believing that the upcoming PeerDAS upgrade could seriously threaten Ethereum's decentralization. Szilágyi pointed out that PeerDAS plans to increase the blob size to 32MB, which will lead to extremely high network bandwidth requirements for block production, potentially reaching 2.5Gbit/s. He stated, "This is actually choking home stakers, which is not what I expected when I joined Ethereum."Szilágyi questioned the motivations of the Ethereum research team, believing they "fully embraced the idea that anything can be centralized as long as it can be verified."He called on the community to ask researchers about the specific vision for Ethereum over the next 5 years, including who will create blocks, store state, and what ordinary users can do without third-party operators. Szilágyi emphasized that if the final system cannot become a "global settlement layer" trusted by various countries, then Ethereum has already failed.