eip

Arya.ag, an agricultural warehousing and loan company in India, is testing a system for tokenizing warehouse receipts for stored grains on the Avalanche dedicated Layer 1 blockchain. Arya.ag is collaborating with Finternet to connect grain storage, warehouse receipts, collateral commitments, and loan statuses through this network. Devika Mittal, head of Ava Labs India, stated that the testing is underway, with each tokenized warehouse receipt representing ownership of the stored goods.Sanmesh Kalyanpur, a director at Finternet Labs, mentioned that Arya.ag's samplers collect information on stored grains and input it into the company portal. Finternet will integrate farmers, commodities, warehouses, and insurance information into a "composite token" for banks to assess collateral risks. Arya.ag stores approximately $2 billion worth of agricultural products in its warehouse network and supports loans of about 120 billion Indian Rupees (approximately $1.26 billion) annually, with its loan department, Arya Dhan, disbursing around $230 million in loans each year.The concept of Finternet originated from a 2024 paper by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), co-authored by Infosys co-founder Nandan Nilekani and then-BIS General Manager Agustín Carstens, proposing the establishment of an interconnected unified ledger for tokenized assets. In 2024, the Indian government launched a 10 billion Rupee credit guarantee scheme to encourage financing against electronic transferable warehouse receipts. The two companies have not disclosed the expected launch date or initial deployment scale.

The Ethereum Foundation (EF) stated that the Protocol Cluster has released two new articles that systematically assess the upcoming network upgrade Hegotá. Among them, the "Hegotá EIP Opinion Post and Tier List" evaluates and ranks the currently proposed 62 EIPs, marking the first time the team has published a unified EIP rating list for a major network upgrade.It was reported that approximately 60 researchers, engineers, and domain experts from 9 teams under the Protocol Cluster participated in the review, submitting a total of 397 rating opinions and engaging in live discussions on controversial proposals. The accompanying article outlines the current and future key directions of the Ethereum protocol layer, with one core goal being to promote Ethereum L1's quantum resistance by December 2029.The Ethereum Foundation indicated that the aforementioned upgrade plans, long-term commitments, and shared priorities at the cluster level provide the contextual basis for finalizing the scope of the Hegotá upgrade and the EIP ratings. Additionally, the Protocol Cluster will hold an AMA on September 16 at 14:00 UTC in the r/ethereum community on Reddit to discuss topics such as the Hegotá EIP ratings and key protocol developments.

Vitalik recently updated EIP-8141 "Frame Transaction" proposal, with core improvements including atomic batch execution of up to 64 operations, social recovery (similar to Google account recovery, without the need for a mnemonic phrase), P256 quantum-resistant signatures, and the ability for anyone to pay gas fees for users, significantly enhancing the usability of Ethereum wallets.It is reported that the improvement proposal was co-authored by Vitalik, lightclient, and 10 other experts, and is planned to be included in the 2027 Hegotá upgrade, marking a significant native implementation of Ethereum account abstraction.

Vitalik Buterin stated that recent discussions around transaction formats, including EIP-8141, the "future state" proposal, UTXO, PBT, key-controlled randomness, and recursive STARK memory pools, have helped the Ethereum community better understand the concepts of "actions" and "dependencies" in transactions. Dependencies can be processed in parallel, and some dependencies that do not require state access can be validated at the memory pool layer, potentially further compressing execution and data costs through STARK.Vitalik believes that Ethereum's future scalability needs to strike a balance between a dynamically flexible execution model and a more easily statically analyzable constrained model, providing lower gas costs for transactions and state access that can be statically analyzed. If EIP-8141 is designed properly, it will not only be a milestone achievement in a decade of account abstraction work but also prepare for decentralized-friendly large-scale scalability in the coming years.

Vitalik posted on the X platform, stating that recent research on transaction formats has led to a clearer understanding of "actions" and "dependencies" in Ethereum transactions, both of which can be optimized separately; signatures, UTXO's Merkle proofs, and ZK-SNARK or STARK belong to dependencies, while the call to send ETH belongs to actions.Dependencies can be processed in parallel, with state-related dependencies handled by the memory pool, while pure dependencies can be processed once at the memory pool layer and may be replaced by STARK proofs, thereby reducing execution and data processing. Vitalik pointed out that Ethereum's current scaling strategy needs to clearly distinguish between dynamic flexibility and static analyzability, with the latter achieving lower Gas costs; based on transaction volume, over 90% of Ethereum activities do not require dynamic flexibility. The EIP-8141 transaction type is developing towards a universal and minimalist call list, with new state types, recursive STARK memory pools, and key-controlled nonces also belonging to this direction.

According to CoinDesk, Ethereum researchers have proposed rebuilding the validator deposit contract to support a new cryptographic system and ultimately stop accepting deposits protected by the existing BLS signatures. This proposal targets the deposit contract, aiming to add a switch that prevents the network from accepting the currently relied-upon signature format.Currently, the contract only accepts BLS keys because their exact size is hardcoded, while the new draft allows for different key sizes, with each deposit tagged by the cryptographic system used, where BLS receives a tag of zero, reserving space for future schemes.If the proposal is approved, it will initially operate with BLS deposits, while other schemes can be registered simultaneously. Future decisions may permanently disable new BLS deposits, at which point validators who have staked using BLS keys will not disappear, but new validators will not be able to join using this method. Ethereum will ultimately need to change separately to inform validators how to check new signatures. This is part of the migration for validators, while another part is already in progress—EIP-8141 framework transaction proposals will allow regular Ethereum accounts to change the cryptographic method for approving transactions without changing their address.The urgency stems from research released in March by Google's Quantum AI research department, which outlined five quantum attack paths against Ethereum, putting over $100 billion in assets at potential risk. The Ethereum Foundation is advancing core protocol changes with a target around 2029. Currently, the amount of ETH staked in Ethereum is approximately 42.4 million, valued at about $10.4 billion.

The Ethereum community has released a deposit contract EIP proposal that supports post-quantum computing. The proposal aims to introduce a new contract that supports variable-length public keys and credential metadata, along with a clear scheme identifier, where scheme 0 is reserved for the current BLS deposits.The new contract no longer relies on the Merkle tree structure of the old deposit contract but instead passes deposit information to the consensus layer through execution requests derived from EIP-7685 logs. This contract features an irreversible mode controlled by protocol system calls: deposits are initially disabled, BLS deposits are enabled at a specified timestamp, and BLS deposits are permanently disabled at a later timestamp, with no option for re-enabling. During the migration period, the execution client must merge deposit requests from the new and old contracts.

Ethereum developer kevaundray submitted the EIP-12188 proposal, suggesting to shorten the consensus layer block retention window to reduce storage pressure on nodes. The proposal is currently in the public review stage and has received support from some Ethereum client developers.Developer DApplion expressed support for the proposal, while Lighthouse client contributor michaelsproul believes that this adjustment will not significantly impact Lighthouse's operation. The proposal points out that as the demand for Ethereum historical data changes, reducing the retention time for historical blocks in the consensus layer can optimize node resource usage.It was mentioned in the discussion that historical data pruning in the execution layer may affect some long-running nodes' ability to provide old block data, but developers believe this will not threaten network security or the normal operation of nodes. Currently, EIP-12188 has not yet been merged and still requires further review and community discussion.

Ethereum developer Toni Wahrstätter posted on the X platform that Ethereum core developers are planning the next annual upgrade "Hegotá," with 66 Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs) currently on the candidate list. Future core developer meetings will screen these proposals to finalize the upgrade content that can be implemented, tested on the development network, deployed on the test network, and has the potential to go live in 2027. Proposals that do not make it into Hegotá will be postponed until the next hard fork, making the current screening process significantly impactful for Ethereum's future development direction.Currently, FOCIL (Fork-Choice Enforced Inclusion Lists) has been identified as one of the important upgrade contents for Hegotá. Developers believe that combining framework transactions (EIP-8141), keying Nonce (EIP-8250), and root references (EIP-8272) will help build native privacy capabilities, allowing privacy applications to operate without relying on third-party intermediaries. Additionally, enhancing scalability is also a crucial direction for Hegotá. Developers propose that it is necessary to prepare for a future increase in the Gas limit to 600 million by repricing data resources (EIP-8131, EIP-8279) and state growth costs (EIP-8368). Although these improvements are not as intuitive as privacy features, they are considered key work to promote Ethereum's scalability in the short term.Other candidate upgrades include shorter block times (EIP-8198), adjustments to the issuance mechanism (EIP-8363), anti-correlation penalty mechanisms (EIP-7716), EVM optimization and simplification, as well as discussions on the first EIPs related to zkEVM and quantum-resistant cryptography. It is reported that Hegotá cannot incorporate all the features the community expects, and the core team needs to make trade-offs between "future vision" and "near-term deliverable upgrades," with most candidate EIPs likely not making it into this upgrade. Currently, it has been 256 days since the launch of the current Glamsterdam upgrade, with the goal of completing deployment by the end of this year. Hegotá is planned to go live in 2027, and in the coming months, core developers and the community will discuss the priorities of various EIPs. Community opinions will still play a role in the screening process, and participants who support or oppose a certain EIP entering Hegotá can present their views to the core development team through public discussions.

Joseph Chalom, CEO of the Ethereum treasury company SharpLink, posted in opposition to Ethereum Improvement Proposal EIP-8363. According to his disclosure, the current network issues new ETH to validators as staking rewards at a variable yield rate of about 2.75%. If the proposal is passed, it will be implemented in phases over approximately a year and a half, gradually destroying part of the issuance rewards as the staking amount increases. When about 50% of ETH is staked, the staking yield will drop to 0%, and validators will only be able to rely on transaction fees, which currently account for only 15% of staking rewards, to sustain themselves.Chalom presented four points of opposition:Staking yield is the factual benchmark for all on-chain interest rates. The approximately $35 billion TVL of liquid staking tokens is the core collateral for on-chain lending. A yield of zero will raise on-chain capital costs, making actual yields approach or even become negative. Collateral will migrate to assets that still generate yields, and independent stakers and small to medium operators will be the first to be squeezed out.The native yield characteristic is precisely the key reason institutions choose ETH over Bitcoin. Erasing this difference is equivalent to voluntarily giving up its competitive advantage just as ETH is outperforming Bitcoin.Issuance is not a cost to external parties but a transfer of value to security maintainers and builders within the network. Destroying it is a destruction of value rather than a redistribution of this portion of value.The current timing is the worst; Ethereum is in a rising phase of institutional adoption, and destruction incentives will suppress this wave of adoption momentum.He stated that SharpLink agrees with the proposal authors' goal of making ETH scarce and stabilizing the staking rate at a reasonable level, but believes this should be achieved through the existing base fee destruction mechanism rather than altering the economic foundation of the protocol.

Aave founder Stani Kulechov recently stated that SharpLink Gaming opposes Ethereum Improvement Proposal EIP-8363, claiming that SharpLink is one of the largest supporters and financial contributors to the Ethereum ecosystem. Stani mentioned that SharpLink executive Joseph Chalom raised some reasonable points regarding the feasibility and implementation timeline of the proposal.He also called on the community to "protect ETH staking," emphasizing that the interests and long-term impacts of staking ecosystem participants need to be fully considered when advancing improvements to the Ethereum protocol. EIP-8363 has recently sparked discussions in the Ethereum community, with related controversies mainly focusing on its potential impacts on the ETH staking mechanism, validator economic model, and ecological security. Community members are assessing the necessity of the proposal, its implementation pace, and the possible consequences it may bring.

World Chain will launch a complete block access list on the mainnet on August 17, enabling this feature through a runtime flag without coordinating a hard fork across the network. The network claims it will be the first production-level L2 network to stream EIP-7928 access list data within each flashblock.This feature transmits access list data every 200 milliseconds, allowing validators to verify transactions in parallel during the block construction process. World Chain states that the upgrade aims to achieve a maximum throughput of 1 gigagas per second without increasing the hardware requirements for validators. EIP-7928 is an Ethereum upgrade proposal that introduces block-level access lists to record accounts and storage slots accessed during block execution. Internal testing by World Chain shows that when throughput rises to 1 gigagas per second on standard cloud infrastructure, validation latency remains stable.

Regarding the EIP proposal submitted by the Ethereum community, Aave founder and CEO Stani Kulechov expressed opposition, stating that the proposal cannot achieve its intended goals and will instead harm Ethereum. He pointed out that the proposal would cap ETH staking rewards at 0% when the staking rate exceeds 50%, making staking rewards unpredictable and potentially unprofitable for many participants. This poses a negative factor for institutional buyers considering establishing ETH positions, as they may turn to other networks with more predictable cash flows, resulting in significant adoption costs.Stani Kulechov further stated that reducing rewards to 0 would make ETH lending strategies fundamentally unfeasible, effectively stifling ETH's lending and yield scenarios. At that point, the only reason to borrow ETH would be to short it; meanwhile, holders of ETH beta and yield may turn to other interest-bearing assets like stablecoins. He mentioned that from a personal perspective, this proposal would undermine the viability of ETH as an asset and limit its potential, hoping that the proposal would not advance. Otherwise, a large number of participants would shift their interest to other networks, emphasizing that Ethereum should not be penalized for its growth.

The Ethereum community has submitted a new improvement proposal EIP "Tapered Issuance Burn," aimed at adjusting the ETH issuance mechanism to reduce the centralization and dilution risks brought about by excessively high staking ratios. The proposal points out that the ETH staking ratio exceeded one-third of the total supply in April 2026 and continues to grow.Under the current issuance curve, even if all ETH participates in staking, the staking yield will not be lower than approximately 1.5%, leading to a lack of a "closure mechanism" for staking incentives. This EIP proposes to destroy a portion of the theoretical rewards for validators in each epoch, with the destruction ratio increasing as the staking scale grows: when the staking rate reaches about 50%, the net staking yield will gradually drop to zero. The proposal believes that this mechanism can limit the continuous expansion of ETH supply, reduce the dilution pressure on holders, prevent excessive concentration of staking in custodial institutions and staking service providers, and maintain ETH's attributes as a neutral asset and a store of value.According to the design, under the tapered issuance mechanism, the ETH issuance will peak when the staking rate is around 20%, with an annual issuance rate of about 0.5%, and will drop to zero when the staking rate reaches 50%. Combined with the EIP-1559 and Blob fee destruction mechanisms, ETH supply may more frequently enter a deflationary state in the future. The authors of the proposal state that this plan is not aimed at individual stakers but rather corrects the long-term dilution issues brought about by the current issuance curve, allowing staking yields to ultimately be determined by market risk premiums rather than fixed algorithmic incentives.

According to Specter monitoring, a long-inactive PancakeSwap liquidity provider (LP) lost approximately $2.96 million due to signing a malicious EIP-7702 authorization.It is reported that the attacker removed about $1.48 million in BSC-USD and $1.48 million in BUSD liquidity provided by the victim and exchanged BUSD for ETH. Currently, the attacker has deposited approximately $1.46 million in funds to Tornado Cash, while the remaining approximately $1.48 million in USDT is still held in the attacker's address.

Ethereum Improvement Proposal EIP-8222 aims to separate staking deposits from withdrawals through a STARK-based cryptographic mechanism and to re-anonymize validators to reduce the traceability of validator activities. Currently, about one-third of ETH is staked.Thibault Dubuis, Head of Staking and Decentralized Finance Products at Sygnum Bank, stated that the current deposit addresses, validators, and withdrawal credentials create visible links, making institutional holdings, entry times, and staking strategies nearly public. This proposal is still in the discussion phase and has not yet scheduled a deployment time. Its design may involve arrangements such as fixed deposit denominations and asset withdrawal waiting periods, and institutional users may need to bear higher execution costs, process delays, and compliance work.

According to Jinshi reports, SK Hynix's American Depositary Receipts indicate an opening price of $180, with an issue price of $149.

According to FinanceFeeds, Ethereum developers are evaluating the EIP-8182 proposal, which aims to introduce native privacy transfers for ETH and ERC-20 tokens through the Hegotá hard fork. The proposal was created by Facet co-founder Tom Lehman on March 3, 2026, and belongs to the Draft Standards Track Core EIP, which has not yet been finalized or scheduled for inclusion in the upgrade.Hegotá is the next upgrade following Glamsterdam, expected to focus on infrastructure and protocol layer improvements. The core of EIP-8182 is to create a standardized shielded pool system contract at the protocol layer, where users can deposit ETH or ERC-20 tokens and use zero-knowledge proofs to spend the tokens. The system adopts a UTXO model instead of Ethereum's account balance model, using a separate proof architecture that does not rely on an administrator-controlled upgrade mechanism or pause functionality.The proposal aims to address issues faced by application layer privacy tools, such as small anonymity sets and governance risks. If included in Hegotá, it would be one of the most significant privacy upgrades for Ethereum. Core developers still need to assess its cryptographic assumptions, state growth, denial-of-service risks, and whether it will be included remains undetermined.