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JPMorgan warns: Stablecoins may become tools for regulatory arbitrage and need to be included in a bank-level regulatory framework

JPMorgan CFO Jeremy Barnum stated during the earnings call that if regulatory rules are not aligned with traditional bank deposits, stablecoins may evolve into a "regulatory arbitrage" tool. He pointed out that some stablecoin models already exhibit deposit-like characteristics, such as providing incentives similar to yields, but are not subject to banking regulatory requirements like capital, liquidity, and consumer protection, which could create an unfair competitive environment. "If the same products are not regulated equally, it will open up arbitrage opportunities," Barnum said.Currently, U.S. legislation is pushing for a cryptocurrency regulatory framework, including the Clarity Act, to clarify the regulatory division of labor between the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, and to regulate the development of the stablecoin market. Additionally, whether to allow stablecoins to distribute reserve earnings to users has become a point of contention. Cryptocurrency companies, including Coinbase, support "interest-bearing stablecoins," while banks believe this would bring them closer to deposit products but lack corresponding regulatory constraints. JPMorgan expressed support for regulatory clarity but emphasized that "regulatory consistency" takes precedence over speed. At the same time, the bank is advancing product layouts, including JPM Coin and tokenized deposits, through its blockchain division Kinexys to modernize the payment system.

Bitfinex Report: The market value of tokenized commodities surpasses 7 billion USD, and the upgrade of stablecoin infrastructure accelerates implementation

Bitfinex released a report indicating that tokenized commodities are moving from early experimentation to practical application, becoming an important manifestation of the reconstruction of real-world assets (RWA) on the blockchain. The core of this shift is not to create new demand, but to reshape existing market infrastructure.Data shows that the total market value of tokenized commodities has reached approximately $7 billion, growing nearly 600% since the beginning of 2025. Current major participants include crypto-native investors and high-net-worth individuals. Amid increasing geopolitical volatility, tokenization is enhancing asset liquidity and risk management flexibility. Gold remains the primary entry point, with Tether Gold accounting for nearly 40% market share.The report points out that on-chain gold possesses characteristics such as real-time transfer and global auditability, making it more suitable as collateral compared to physical assets, and it can overcome traditional trading hours and settlement limitations. In addition to gold, tokenized commodities have expanded into areas such as oil, natural gas, and agricultural products, with soybeans and soybean oil each around $400 million, and green financing-related exposure around $850 million, indicating that this model has cross-category expansion potential.At the same time, the traceability of blockchain has also enhanced supply chain transparency, meeting regulatory and ESG requirements. Bitfinex believes that in the future, the focus of tokenization will shift from precious metals to industrial products such as copper and oil, achieving a transition from "product innovation" to "market infrastructure upgrade" by improving collateral efficiency, asset circulation speed, and transparency.

White House Advisor: Multiple differences in the "Clarity Act" are gradually being resolved, and the compromise plan for stablecoin yields is expected to be maintained

Patrick Witte, the Executive Director of the White House Digital Assets Presidential Advisory Committee, stated on Monday that substantive progress is being made in Senate negotiations surrounding the Clarity Act, with a compromise reached on the issue of stablecoin yields expected to hold, and the focus of negotiations has shifted to other unresolved topics.The issue of stablecoin yields was previously the biggest obstacle to advancing the bill. Banking lobbyists successfully persuaded some senators that providing yields similar to bank interest to stablecoin holders would threaten the traditional banking deposit base, causing the bill to reach an impasse. Witte stated, "We hope that the compromise reached will be durable and stable. Resolving this issue is a prerequisite for advancing other pending matters." Last week, the White House economic advisors released a report downplaying the risk concerns raised by the banking industry; in response, the American Bankers Association rebutted on Monday, claiming the White House's arguments were flawed.In addition to stablecoin yields, the bill also faces several disagreements, including illegal financial protection mechanisms in the DeFi space and a demand from Democrats to prohibit senior government officials (specifically targeting President Trump) from profiting from the crypto industry. Witte did not disclose which topics have reached consensus but indicated that negotiations have "made considerable progress behind the scenes," stating, "We are very close to comprehensively resolving these issues." The Clarity Act still needs to go through the Senate Banking Committee's markup review process before being submitted for a full Senate vote. Witte expressed optimism about reaching a final agreement, noting that many issues that previously seemed stuck have gradually been resolved.

The American Bankers Association warns: Allowing stablecoins to pay interest will accelerate deposit outflows and severely impact community bank lending

According to an article in the American Bankers Association (ABA) Journal, experts including the ABA's chief economist point out that the recent research report by the White House Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) on the issuance of yield from payment stablecoins raises the wrong questions and may mislead policymakers.The CEA report mainly explores "how prohibiting the issuance of yield from payment stablecoins will affect bank lending," concluding that banning yields would only increase bank lending by about $1.2 billion, with minimal impact.However, the ABA believes that the real policy concern is not the consequences of "prohibition," but the risks that may arise from "allowing" the issuance of yield from payment stablecoins: accelerating deposit outflows, allowing yields to stimulate households and businesses to move funds from bank deposits (especially community banks) to stablecoins, which would have a significant impact when the market size expands to $1-2 trillion. ABA analysis shows that loans in Iowa alone could decrease by $4.4 billion to $8.7 billion as a result.Impact on community banks: Deposit outflows will force community banks to replace funding with higher-cost wholesale financing (such as Federal Home Loan Bank advances), raising their funding costs and thereby reducing loans to local households and small businesses. It is not a harmless "reshuffling": The CEA believes that deposits are merely "reshuffled" within the banking system, with overall impact being minimal.However, the ABA points out that deposits flowing from community banks to a few large institutions or stablecoin reserve accounts will harm sectors that rely on relationship-based bank lending. The ABA believes that prohibiting the issuance of yield from payment stablecoins is a prudent protective measure that allows stablecoins to mature as a tool for payment innovation rather than becoming a source of economic risk that substitutes for insured deposits.
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