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Vitalik questions the L2 scaling path, Arbitrum, Optimism, and Base collectively respond towards the direction of de-homogenization

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin recently stated that the initial idea of using L2 as the main scaling engine for Ethereum is no longer reasonable, and he called for second-layer networks to evolve towards stronger specialization. This statement quickly prompted responses from mainstream L2 teams such as Arbitrum, Optimism, and Base.Vitalik pointed out that many L2s still rely on multi-signature bridges and have not fully inherited Ethereum's security; at the same time, with the increase in gas limits and the advancement of native Rollup solutions, the throughput capacity of the Ethereum mainnet itself is strengthening. Against this backdrop, the positioning of L2 needs to be rethought.Karl Floersch, co-founder of the Optimism Foundation, stated that he supports building a modular L2 that covers the entire decentralized spectrum, but also admitted that there are still real challenges such as long withdrawal periods, immature Stage 2 proof mechanisms, and insufficient cross-chain tools.Steven Goldfeder, co-founder of Offchain Labs, the developer of Arbitrum, emphasized that scaling remains the core value of L2. He believes that even if the Ethereum mainnet's capabilities improve, it will be difficult to replace L2's role in handling thousands of TPS during peak times, and warned that if Ethereum is unfriendly to Rollups, institutions may choose independent Layer 1s instead.Jesse Pollak, head of Base, stated that scaling Ethereum L1 is beneficial for the entire ecosystem, while agreeing that L2 cannot just be a cheaper version of Ethereum. He pointed out that Base is forming its own characteristics through application layer differentiation, account abstraction, and privacy features.Additionally, StarkWare CEO Eli Ben-Sasson hinted on social media that ZK-native L2s (such as Starknet) have, to some extent, aligned with the specialization direction proposed by Vitalik. Overall, L2 builders generally accept the trend of de-homogenization and repositioning, but there are still divergences on whether scaling remains a core mission.

Vitalik questions the L2 scaling path, Arbitrum, Optimism, and Base collectively respond in the direction of de-homogenization

According to Cointelegraph, after Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin commented that "the original vision of Layer 2 as the primary scaling engine is no longer applicable," several L2 builders responded, generally agreeing that Rollup needs to move beyond the positioning of "a cheaper Ethereum," but there are disagreements on whether scaling should still be its core role.Optimism co-founder Karl Floersch welcomed the challenge of building a modular L2 stack that supports "full-spectrum decentralization," while acknowledging that there are still major obstacles such as long withdrawal periods, second-stage proofs not being production-ready, and insufficient cross-chain application tools. He supports the native Rollup precompiled solutions emphasized by Buterin.Steven Goldfeder, co-founder of Arbitrum developer Offchain Labs, took a firmer stance, arguing that although the Rollup model has evolved, scaling remains the core value of L2. He pointed out that Arbitrum was not built as "a service of Ethereum," but because Ethereum provides a highly secure and low-cost settlement layer, making large-scale Rollups possible. He warned that if Ethereum is seen as hostile to Rollups, institutions might choose to launch independent Layer 1 chains instead of deploying on Ethereum.Base head Jesse Pollak stated that scaling Ethereum L1 is "a victory for the entire ecosystem," agreeing that L2 cannot just be "a cheaper Ethereum." He mentioned that Base is differentiating itself through applications, account abstraction, and privacy features, and is working towards decentralization in the second stage.StarkWare CEO Eli Ben-Sasson hinted that some ZK-native L2s (like Starknet) believe they already fit the specialized role described by Buterin. The entire Ethereum ecosystem is facing a roadmap adjustment: the base layer aims to enhance its capabilities, while L2 is repositioning itself as a dedicated environment serving different technical needs.

Vitalik: The original vision for Ethereum L2 is no longer applicable, and a new path needs to be found

Vitalik Buterin posted on the X platform, stating that there has been an increasing discussion about the ongoing role of L2 in the Ethereum ecosystem. Due to the slow progress of L2 entering phase 2, and the expansion of L1 itself, it is expected that the Gas limit will significantly increase by 2026. This means that the original vision of L2 as Ethereum's "branded sharding" is no longer applicable, and new paths are needed.Vitalik Buterin pointed out that L1 no longer needs L2 as branded sharding, and that L2 cannot or is unwilling to meet the attributes required for true branded sharding. He suggested that L2 should identify value points beyond "scalability," such as privacy, efficiency for specific applications, extreme levels of scalability, non-financial application design, ultra-low latency, and built-in oracles. When handling ETH or other Ethereum assets, L2 should at least reach phase 1 and support maximum interoperability with Ethereum. Additionally, Vitalik Buterin stated that he has become more convinced of the value of native Rollup precompiles in recent months, especially after having the ZK-EVM proof needed for scaling L1. This precompile would make EVM verification without a security committee feasible. He believes that research should be conducted on how to design this precompile so that it can verify the EVM portion when L2 includes "EVM and other content." This would make achieving secure, robust, and trustless interoperability with Ethereum easier and enable synchronous composability.

Dragonfly Partners: The market crash on October 11 was not solely caused by Binance and Ethena as the "single culprit," but rather a combination of multiple factors that triggered the volatility

Dragonfly managing partner Haseeb Qureshi recently published a post regarding the viewpoint that "the market crash on 10/11 was triggered by Binance and Ethena." He stated that this narrative is difficult to establish in terms of timeline, market dissemination path, and evidence. He pointed out that the price of Bitcoin had already bottomed out about 30 minutes before the anomaly in USDe appeared on Binance, indicating that the causal relationship is clearly inverted. Additionally, the deviation in USDe price only occurred on Binance and did not spread to other trading platforms, which cannot explain the large-scale liquidation across the entire market and is fundamentally different from events like Terra that caused global balance sheet shocks.Haseeb believes that a more reasonable explanation is the combination of multiple factors: Trump's tariff comments disturbed the market on Friday evening, the Binance API anomaly prevented market makers from hedging across platforms, liquidation and the ADL mechanism amplified volatility, and the lack of traditional financial-style circuit breakers and self-stabilizing mechanisms in the crypto market ultimately caused the market to evolve along an unfavorable path. He emphasized that there is no simple and conspiratorial "single culprit" for 10/11; although the market suffered a heavy blow, it has not been permanently damaged in the long run and only needs time to restore liquidity and confidence.

QCP: Bitcoin has risen above the key level of $88,000, and options data indicates that the market is likely to remain volatile rather than crash

QCP published a daily market analysis stating, "Bitcoin has rebounded above the key level of $88,000. Recently, a drop below this level often triggers a rapid downward move dominated by liquidations; however, if it can quickly recover, it will pull the price back into the consolidation range. Next, the market will face a series of intense U.S. macro events: the FOMC interest rate decision; the government funding deadline, which keeps the risk of a shutdown alive; and the Senate rescheduling discussions on cryptocurrency market structure legislation. The options market clearly reflects this asymmetry. Overall volatility remains controlled, and the term structure maintains a positive spread, so the baseline scenario remains consolidation rather than a crash.In terms of fiscal risk, the key issue is whether Washington can successfully resolve the funding issue. If a temporary solution can be passed in time, short-term risk premiums are expected to compress, and crypto assets will resemble pure Beta trades; if there is a brief misstep, the market may initially fluctuate but will rebound after an agreement is reached; if the deadlock continues, it could tighten liquidity and force the market to undergo broader de-risking. A closer key point is the Federal Reserve. The baseline expectation remains unchanged interest rates, with market focus on when rate cuts will resume. Inflation is still above 2%, while employment is starting to weaken, causing the committee to remain cautious and data-dependent.Against the backdrop of concerns about the independence of the Federal Reserve, it is expected to emphasize its independence and reiterate the statement of "waiting for more data"; if there is a hawkish pause, it may trigger a rebound in the dollar and lead to short-term volatility in risk assets."
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