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first_img The United States sanctioned 8 Canadian currency exchange companies, accusing them of facilitating Iran's evasion of sanctions

The U.S. Department of the Treasury has imposed financial sanctions on eight Canadian currency service companies, stating that these companies have business dealings with sanctioned Iranian entities. The Treasury Department's statement indicated that the aforementioned companies facilitate the exchange of Iranian rials and other currencies and digital assets, enabling them to conduct international transactions. The related sanctions will isolate these companies from the U.S. dollar financial system.The U.S. Treasury stated that these businesses handle transactions for sanctioned Iranian digital asset exchanges and digital asset addresses associated with the Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent stated that Canada cannot become a haven for illegal financial practitioners providing sanction evasion services to the Iranian regime and its proxies, and the Treasury will pursue and cut off financial channels for the Iranian regime globally. This action was coordinated with Canada's financial intelligence agency FINTRAC, as some sanctioned entities have attempted to evade scrutiny by changing their names and addresses.On the same day, the U.S. "Rewards for Justice" program offered a reward of up to $20 million and possible relocation arrangements for information regarding Iran's nuclear program, including its facilities, equipment, and personnel. The statement noted that Iran has not complied with the International Atomic Energy Agency's safeguards oversight, resulting in the agency losing "knowledge continuity" regarding Iran's production of enriched uranium and centrifuge components.

The legal team of Sun Yuchen filed a sanctions application against WLFI, stating that it only disclosed the shareholder's UAE citizenship months after the lawsuit

Sun Yuchen posted on platform X that his lawyer has applied for sanctions against World Liberty Financial (WLFI) because the company disclosed the UAE citizenship of its shareholders months after he filed the lawsuit.Sun Yuchen stated that he signed a token purchase agreement to buy $30 million of WLFI in November 2024, later increasing the total investment to $45 million, and filed a lawsuit against WLFI in April this year, accusing it of fraudulently inducing investment and illegally freezing his tokens. According to his token purchase agreement, the case can be filed in federal or state court in California, and he chose federal court.Sun Yuchen claimed that the disclosure documents submitted by WLFI at the beginning of the case only listed one entity of WLFI, registered in Florida, and then filed a motion for mandatory arbitration; during the August hearing, the court hinted that it did not recognize the arbitration claim and ruled that some demands would remain for public trial. Less than a week later, WLFI suddenly "corrected" the disclosure documents, increasing the number of members in the ownership chain from 1 to 22, and claimed to have citizenship in Florida, Delaware, Puerto Rico, and the UAE, thereby arguing that the federal court has no jurisdiction because both parties have foreign entities.Sun Yuchen pointed out that WLFI claims it "is not an offshore organization," is "a company that pays taxes in the United States," and "when selling tokens, it poses as a U.S. company, only to discover its UAE identity when trying to escape the U.S. federal court." He stated that after the sanctions motion is ruled on in federal court, he will refile the lawsuit in California state court.

first_img SEC Updates Token Classification FAQ: Adapting to DUNA Entities, Clarifying Issues of Functionality and Decentralization Boundaries, etc

a16z Chief Legal Counsel Miles Jennings posted on X that the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has released new FAQs that further clarify its token classification framework. He pointed out that Question 1.4 clearly states that systems can maintain decentralized governance and use legal entities such as DUNA; Question 1.5 distinguishes between licensed and unlicensed systems; and Question 1.6 clarifies the difference between "functional" and "decentralized."The SEC's Division of Corporation Finance updated the relevant Q&A on November 2. The response to Question 1.4 states that participants in a widely governed functional crypto system, if not interconnected and without formal or informal collaborative arrangements other than participating in that governance system, typically do not constitute a group of persons or entities defined as "centralized parties"; even if they do form such a group, they must still possess operational, economic, or voting control to meet the definition of "centralized parties." This conclusion also applies to cases where the governance system belongs to an organization, association, or foundation, and participation is based on holding native crypto assets.The response to Question 1.5 states that centralized party oversight of participants refers to the authority to control access to the system at the protocol, validator, or user level, such as unilaterally granting or restricting access, deciding on upgrade voting procedures, controlling who can participate in consensus, or modifying rule code, revoking transactions, and access. The response to Question 1.6 states that "functional" refers to native crypto assets being usable according to the system's programmed purposes, while "decentralized" refers to the system operating autonomously without any person, entity, or group having operational, economic, or voting control; the two are distinct concepts. The above responses represent the views of the staff of the Division of Corporation Finance and do not constitute SEC rules or statements.
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