consensus

The Solana core client development team Anza announced that it is gradually removing floating-point operations from the Solana core protocol. The first layer, SIMD-0391, was activated in epoch 1026 of the mainnet Beta, replacing floating-point operations in the Stake Program and validator client’s warm-up and cool-down logic with fixed-point operations.The second layer, SIMD-0607, has been proposed and is under review, targeting the runtime itself to remove floating-point operations in the inflation rewards and rent calculation paths. Anza stated that floating-point operations can produce different rounding results on different hardware, validator clients, and compilers, which may lead to consensus divergence and network activity risks. These two improvements eliminate that risk by standardizing fixed-point operations. Further work will continue to address floating-point operations in other paths.

Justin Sun stated at the Bitcoin Asia 2026 conference in Hong Kong that the threat of quantum computing to blockchain and the entire financial system is widespread, and traditional banks like JPMorgan are also facing risks.Due to the highly decentralized nature of the Bitcoin community, which involves multiple participants such as miners, exchanges, and WBTC, reaching a consensus on quantum resistance will take a long time. Justin Sun mentioned that TRON has been developing quantum-resistant mechanisms over the past year, and in the first half of this year, they released a quantum-resistant address solution and launched it on the testnet, with plans to upgrade the entire network to a mainstream cryptocurrency network with quantum resistance capabilities by the end of this year.

Mizuho analyst Vijay Rakesh stated that NVIDIA's second-quarter earnings exceeding expectations has become a consensus, with the market focusing on AI spending outlook. Rakesh expects NVIDIA's adjusted earnings per share to be $2.08, with revenue at $92 billion, and the actual figures may be higher. He maintains a "Outperform" rating and a target price of $300.

The Supernova upgrade of MultiversX decouples consensus from execution, allowing the network to reach consensus on blocks before processing transactions. Before the upgrade, block production followed a sequential model: proposers selected transactions, executed them locally, and submitted blocks containing the results, while validators had to re-execute the same transactions before voting, making execution part of the consensus critical path. Supernova changes this order: proposers select transactions and directly propose blocks without prior execution; validators can immediately vote once they confirm the proposal complies with protocol rules, while execution occurs asynchronously in the background, with execution results typically referenced and notarized in the next block header, lagging consensus by about one block (approximately 600 milliseconds).To address the validity verification issues brought by decoupling, Supernova introduces a virtual memory pool state that tracks pending nonces, expected balance consumption, and transactions that have been proposed but whose execution results have not yet reached consensus, providing proposers with a forward-looking account view. Meanwhile, the Execution-Result Inclusion Estimator (EIE) limits the number of execution results that can be referenced in a block based on the capacity that the minimum specification node can safely handle; an automatic backpressure mechanism reduces block capacity when execution lags. Supernova has been producing 600-millisecond blocks on the testnet and devnet since August 20, with the mainnet expected to activate on September 10, 2026.

Sources from the Pakistani military and Iranian security agencies reveal that the United States and Iran have reached a consensus on the terms of a ceasefire agreement, which includes the freedom of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz. Both parties are expected to announce relevant news in the coming days and initiate negotiations and technical meetings based on the Islamabad memorandum.

Decred announced that the mandatory patch version v2.1.6 has been released, which includes a fix for a critical security issue related to consensus, preventing potential periodic de-anonymization mixing attacks.In addition, this patch also addresses several possible network-related denial of service (DoS) attack issues and improves the expiration duration of mixing sessions. The official urges users to upgrade as soon as possible, while noting that the Windows version of Decrediton has not yet been released and is expected to be launched the following day.

Ethereum developer kevaundray submitted the EIP-12188 proposal, suggesting to shorten the consensus layer block retention window to reduce storage pressure on nodes. The proposal is currently in the public review stage and has received support from some Ethereum client developers.Developer DApplion expressed support for the proposal, while Lighthouse client contributor michaelsproul believes that this adjustment will not significantly impact Lighthouse's operation. The proposal points out that as the demand for Ethereum historical data changes, reducing the retention time for historical blocks in the consensus layer can optimize node resource usage.It was mentioned in the discussion that historical data pruning in the execution layer may affect some long-running nodes' ability to provide old block data, but developers believe this will not threaten network security or the normal operation of nodes. Currently, EIP-12188 has not yet been merged and still requires further review and community discussion.

According to Cointelegraph, Ravencoin was attacked due to a consensus vulnerability, causing the price to drop to a historical low of $0.002754, down about 22% from the 24-hour high. The vulnerability allowed weak nodes to accept invalid blocks, with the first known exploit occurring at block height 4,487,776.Mining pools 2Miners and RavenMiner, which control the majority of the network's hash power, are building a competing chain that excludes the affected branch. If this chain becomes dominant, the network may undergo a chain reorganization of about three days, and transactions confirmed after block 4,487,775 may be reversed. Ravencoin has advised exchanges to suspend deposits and withdrawals until the chain stabilizes, and Upbit and Bitget have already suspended RVN transfers.

The PoW blockchain Ravencoin tweeted that its network has a critical consensus vulnerability that has been exploited, causing weak nodes to accept invalid blocks. The first known invalid block appeared at height 4,487,776. Currently, the majority hash power holders 2Miners and RavenMiner have stated that they are mining a chain that excludes the exploited branch starting from height 4,487,776.If this chain becomes the dominant chain, it may lead to approximately three days of deep chain reorganization. The official recommendation is for CEX to temporarily suspend RVN deposits and withdrawals until the network stabilizes; transactions confirmed after height 4,487,775 should be considered at risk. The official also emphasizes that this notice aims to increase transparency and risk awareness and does not represent an endorsement of any rollback or recovery plan.

Michael Selig, Chairman of the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), wrote in The Economist that the global derivatives market is entering a new stage of development, where financial innovation needs to lead, rather than introduce regulatory models that may restrict market development.Michael Selig pointed out that for decades, derivatives (including financial contracts such as futures, options, and swaps) have been important tools for businesses, farmers, investors, and financial institutions to manage risk and optimize capital allocation. Today, the nominal value of the global derivatives market has exceeded $1.2 quadrillion, with nearly half of the market regulated by the CFTC.He stated that the United States' leadership in the derivatives field is built on generations of market competition, strong institutions, effective regulation, and an open attitude towards innovation. For a long time, global regulators have regarded the CFTC as a benchmark for efficient market regulation.Selig said, "The new era of finance needs innovation, not consensus." The United States will not introduce regulatory measures that hinder market development but will seek a balance between innovation and market efficiency. During his tenure, the U.S. will continue to play a leading role in the formulation of derivatives market rules and financial innovation, driving the market to remain competitive.

According to Jinshi reports, Iran and Oman have reached a preliminary consensus on the reopening of the Strait of Hormuz, with an announcement of the agreement expected in a few days, pending approval from Iran's National Security Council.The agreement will last for 60 days and aims to restore navigation.

Michael Saylor posted on the X platform stating that BIP-110 signaling was voluntary before block 961,632. From block 961,632 to 963,647, its software will reject every block that does not signal.Any "100% signaling" displayed during this window reflects this rule, rather than voluntary support from miners or Bitcoin consensus.

Strategy founder Michael Saylor stated that Bitcoin has gained market recognition, but the biggest challenge in the future is not external competition, but rather the erosion of consensus rules from within. He believes that Bitcoin's consensus rules are like a "constitution," determining property rights, scarcity, settlement mechanisms, and boundaries of power. Any modification of the rules for the benefit of specific groups is an infringement on the economic rights of all participants.He warned that Bitcoin is expected to grow a hundredfold in the future and become the infrastructure of the global capital market, while a single erroneous rule modification could harm markets, technologies, and economic freedoms that have yet to be born. Saylor specifically pointed out certain proposals, including BIP-110, arguing that they undermine the neutrality of the Bitcoin protocol by limiting effective paid transactions, introducing contract mechanisms, or expanding block capacity. He stated that although these proposals take different forms, they all weaken the scarcity of block space, increase network bandwidth and verification costs, expand protocol complexity, and introduce new security risks. At the same time, weakening the fee market will affect miners' income sources after block rewards continue to halve, thereby undermining the long-term security of the Bitcoin network. Furthermore, once a particular interest group is able to modify Bitcoin rules through certain means, other interest groups will follow suit, leading to long-term conflicts in protocol governance, capital outflows, slowed innovation, and deteriorating network security. Saylor called for keeping the Bitcoin base layer simple, neutral, scarce, and secure, leaving innovation to the second layer and application layer, promoting development through voluntary adoption rather than frequent modifications of the underlying protocol, and emphasized that protocol upgrades should be approached with extreme caution and only advanced when truly necessary to maintain the foundation for Bitcoin's long-term development.

According to Jinshi reports, Mabrouk Chetouane, the Global Market Strategy Director at Natixis Investment Management, stated in a report that Federal Reserve Chairman Waller is unlikely to challenge the current consensus at his second monetary policy committee meeting. Chetouane pointed out that Waller will not succumb to the temptation of a 25 basis point rate hike, although at this stage, it is almost impossible to bring inflation back to target levels by the end of the year.Analysts generally expect the Federal Reserve to remain on hold on Wednesday, but the money market reflects a 38% probability expectation of a rate hike.

Bitcoin News posted on the X platform that Dathon Pwn claims to have discovered a BIP 110 late upgrade consensus vulnerability, which may allow nodes upgrading from old software to retain chain history, while newly deployed BIP 110 nodes would reject this history, potentially leading to a hidden chain split.

Founder of Strategy, Michael Saylor, stated that Bitcoin is a spontaneously evolved network system, where the influence of wallets is determined by the amount of satoshis held, the influence of nodes is determined by business activities, the influence of miners is determined by computing power, and capital, consensus, and network security together maintain a dynamic balance.

Michael Saylor posted on the X platform stating that strong consensus is the immune system of BTC, transaction fees price block space, nodes set policies, miners build blocks, and holders allocate capital. Changes to the protocol must achieve overwhelming consensus, so bad ideas will fail before they become interventionist bad protocol changes.