2028

According to sources, Anthropic expects its revenue to reach between $190 billion and $200 billion by 2028. Wall Street is using the 2028 revenue forecast and the enterprise value/revenue multiple (EV-to-Revenue) to value its IPO.

According to DIGITIMES, NVIDIA's next-generation AI platform Feynman aims for mass production in the second half of 2028, utilizing TSMC's A16 process and incorporating SoIC 3D stacking and CPO technology. The Rubin generation focuses on integrating multiple small chips with HBM, while Feynman further develops towards 3D small chips, SoIC, and CPO. The report indicates that TSMC is accelerating the construction of related production capacity, with the original plan for SoIC monthly capacity to reach 20,000 pieces by the end of 2026, now updated to a target of 50,000 pieces by the end of 2027.The construction progress of TSMC's Chiayi AP7 and Tainan AP8 is also accelerating, with AP7 planned in 8 phases. P1 and P2 have entered installation, P3 and P4 have obtained construction permits, and P5 to P8 are still in planning. In addition to mass-producing Apple-specific WMCM, the factory will configure SoIC, CoPoS, and CPO production lines according to customer demand. NVIDIA has rapidly shifted its R&D and supply chain resources to the Feynman platform, and the spillover effect of TSMC's advanced packaging orders continues to expand, with Siliconware becoming the main testing and packaging factory for NVIDIA's CoWoS and CPO orders. The NVLink interconnect bandwidth of NVIDIA's Feynman platform is expected to exceed 1 PB/s, further improving from Rubin Ultra's 520 TB/s. TSMC's COUPE technology integrates EIC and PIC in 3D through SoIC to form a light engine, advancing optoelectronic conversion from traditional circuit boards to the internal packaging structure. Since 2026, NVIDIA has invested over $40 billion in building the AI ecosystem, covering areas such as models, wafer manufacturing, data centers, and optical communications.

The Chief Financial Officer of SanDisk stated that it is expected to obtain a total contract amount of $93.9 billion from 8 customers during the contract period, with a Non-GAAP gross margin of approximately 80% for the fiscal years 2028 to 2030, and a Non-GAAP operating profit margin expected to reach about 75%. It is anticipated that the adjusted free cash flow profit margin will remain at 50% for the fiscal years 2028 to 2030. The company stated that in the future, after fulfilling strategic investment and business development needs, it will return 100% of excess cash to shareholders.SanDisk expects that as the storage industry cycle improves and the demand for high-performance computing (HPC) and artificial intelligence infrastructure grows, the company's profitability will further enhance, and shareholder value will be increased through high-margin businesses and capital return strategies. This capital allocation plan shows that SanDisk will prioritize business expansion and strategic investments in the future while returning remaining cash to investors through stock buybacks, dividends, and other means.

The South Korean cryptocurrency exchange Bithumb has published an update on its IPO preparation progress. Bithumb stated that it is collaborating with leading domestic accounting firms to advance the construction of its risk management system, converting accounting standards from K-GAAP to internationally accepted K-IFRS, and strengthening internal compliance and internal control processes. The company is also restructuring its business by spinning off Bithumb Asset and clarifying the responsibilities and boundaries of each business segment; at the same time, it is promoting business model diversification and liquidity asset reserves to enhance financial stability.Bithumb claims it will maintain transparent operations by regularly disclosing financial status, operational matters, and cryptocurrency asset holdings, and will collaborate with large domestic and international securities firms, law firms, and accounting firms to assess corporate value and legal risks, as well as to formulate strategies for the pre-listing review.Regarding the timeline, Bithumb plans to complete the upgrade of its internal control system and K-IFRS conversion preparations by 2026, submit the pre-listing review and undergo audits in 2027, and complete the IPO in 2028, with specific timelines potentially adjusted based on market conditions and regulatory review progress.

According to Jinshi News, Samsung Electronics expects that the chip shortage situation will further worsen next year and continue until 2028. The company stated that it is difficult to significantly increase supply in the short term, as it takes more than 3 years and 6 months from the construction of new production facilities to actual wafer production.Samsung Electronics pointed out that the popularity of AI is driving a surge in memory demand, especially as the memory demand for AI servers and general computing servers reaches unprecedented levels.

According to Catcher Predict monitoring, the "2028 Presidential Election Winner" event is currently among the hottest trades on the prediction market Polymarket, with a cumulative pool size reaching $67.344 billion. The option with the highest market consensus is "JD Vance," corresponding to an estimated winning probability of about 20.05%.

Japanese regulatory authorities are advancing the adjustment of the legal framework for digital asset investment. A spot Bitcoin ETF may be approved for listing as early as 2028, but the timeline still depends on the progress of regulation, product review, and tax reform.On July 15, the Japanese Diet approved the transfer of Bitcoin and approximately 105 other crypto assets from the Payment Services Act framework to the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act, removing a major legal obstacle for related funds to be listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. Major Japanese financial groups such as SBI Holdings and Nomura are preparing digital asset products. Japan also plans to adjust the crypto asset tax system from a maximum miscellaneous income tax of 55% to a separate reporting tax system of approximately 20.315%.

The ENS DAO has initiated a proposal to establish a new Security Council based on the election results of EP 6.50, with a term of two years, ending on July 16, 2028.According to the proposal description, the new Security Council will inherit existing responsibilities and continue to be responsible for canceling malicious proposals within the ENS DAO, without the authority to initiate, modify, or actively promote governance proposals. The proposal will be configured by granting the corresponding permissions to the DAO's TimelockController.The proposal also indicates that after the two-year term, if the DAO does not pass a new proposal for an extension, any address may call the relevant function to revoke its cancellation proposal authority.

According to Wccftech, investment bank Jefferies' latest research report indicates that due to the ongoing global supply shortage and strong demand for AI computing power, memory chip prices are expected to see a significant increase in the second half of 2026 and in 2027.The report predicts that memory chip prices will rise by 40% to 50% quarter-on-quarter in the third quarter of 2026, and will continue to rise by 30% to 40% quarter-on-quarter in the fourth quarter; by 2027, the overall year-on-year price increase will reach 40% to 45%. It is not until 2028, with the introduction of 15% to 20% of new production capacity into the market, that prices are expected to decline.Additionally, the report emphasizes that currently about 50% of global memory production capacity is locked in by long-term agreements (LTA) with large technology companies, which will further compress supply in the consumer electronics market and drive up end-user costs. Analysts also believe that before the large-scale expansion of capacity by domestic Chinese memory manufacturers in 2028, it will be difficult to significantly alleviate the tight situation and prices in the global market.

According to Jinshi reports, Federal Reserve's Williams expects the U.S. economic growth rate to be 2.25% in 2028, and the unemployment rate will drop to 4%.

According to Jinshi reports, Federal Reserve's Williams stated that the expected timeline to achieve the 2% inflation target has been postponed from 2027 to 2028.

According to CNBC, Tarek Mansour, CEO of the prediction market platform Kalshi, clarified in a recent interview that although the company is in the early stages of IPO planning, it will not go public in 2026. The market previously predicted that the IPO window in 2027 to 2028 seems more realistic.In response to market concerns about insider trading risks, Tarek Mansour stated that Kalshi has strengthened its compliance system, including enhancing KYC processes, verifying traders' employer information, and filing lawsuits against suspected violations to improve market transparency and trust.

The Algorand Foundation officially released a roadmap for quantum resistance upgrades, planning to launch a series of protocol transformations in 2026, and achieve overall "quantum security" capabilities for the network by the end of 2027 to 2028, in response to the potential threats posed by future quantum computing to existing cryptographic systems.The roadmap indicates that the first phase will introduce post-quantum account systems, multi-signature wallets, and staking support, followed by a gradual upgrade of core protocol components to achieve a comprehensive encryption migration from the wallet layer to the infrastructure. It is reported that several public chain ecosystems, including the Ethereum Foundation and Solana, have also initiated similar research and migration plans for quantum-resistant cryptography.

According to Jinshi reports, the economic projections released by the Federal Reserve FOMC show that the median PCE inflation expectations for the end of 2026 to 2028 are 3.6%, 2.3%, and 2%, respectively, which is a downward adjustment compared to the expectations in March (which were 2.7%, 2.2%, and 2%, respectively).

According to Jinshi reports, the Federal Reserve FOMC has lowered its GDP growth expectations for 2026 to 2028, with medians of 2.2%, 2.3%, and 2.2%. In contrast, the expectations in March were 2.4%, 2.3%, and 2.1%.

According to a report by Nikkei News, Akira Togashi, the president of the Osaka Exchange under the Japan Exchange Group, stated in an interview that they plan to launch Bitcoin futures in 2028 to address the risk hedging needs of institutional investors investing in Bitcoin ETFs. The Financial Services Agency of Japan plans to amend the enforcement order of the Investment Trust Act before 2028 to include crypto assets in the category of "specific assets," allowing asset management companies to establish investment trusts that include cryptocurrencies.

According to The Block, Geoffrey Kendrick, the global head of digital asset research at Standard Chartered Bank, stated that the total scale of on-chain tokenized assets is expected to reach $4 trillion by the end of 2028, with stablecoins and real-world assets (RWA) each accounting for $2 trillion. Standard Chartered believes that DeFi protocols with mature risk control systems and scalability will be the main beneficiaries of this trend, while the advancement of the U.S. Clarity Act may become an important catalyst for accelerating the on-chain transition of traditional finance.Kendrick pointed out that the core advantage of DeFi lies in "composability." In an on-chain environment, the same asset can simultaneously earn yields, serve as collateral, and maintain liquidity, which the traditional financial system cannot achieve with similar efficiency. He stated that this structural advantage means "1+1=3." Standard Chartered cited BlackRock's tokenized U.S. Treasury fund BUIDL as an example, noting that the product not only yields about 4% from U.S. Treasuries but can also be converted into sBUIDL for use in lending protocol collateral and serves as a reserve asset for products like Ethena USDtb and Ondo OUSG.The report also noted that the current scale of off-chain assets is still about 1,000 times that of on-chain assets, and the tokenization of institutional-grade assets may become the core source of growth for the next phase of the industry. Regarding institutional adoption, Standard Chartered mentioned that Aave's asset scale once matched that of the 38th largest bank in the U.S., and the current daily trading volume of on-chain stablecoin lending has reached $1.5 billion to $2 billion.At the same time, the Bitcoin lending product developed in collaboration between Coinbase and Morpho currently has a loan scale of about $1.75 billion, covering approximately 22,000 borrowers, indicating that traditional financial institutions are gradually using DeFi as underlying infrastructure.

Ripple officially announced its quantum resistance roadmap, with the core goal of making the XRP Ledger (XRPL) quantum-resistant by 2028. The roadmap primarily addresses the potential attack mode of "harvest now, decrypt later," where attackers collect encrypted data now and wait for future quantum computers to mature before cracking it.The entire plan will be implemented in four phases:Phase 1: Q-Day Emergency Preparedness (Already Started). Establish a Q-Day emergency response mechanism. If the existing classical encryption system is suddenly compromised, the network will immediately stop accepting traditional public key signatures, forcing a migration to quantum-safe accounts. At the same time, explore asset ownership verification solutions based on Post-Quantum ZK-proofs, allowing existing account holders to safely recover funds in emergencies without exposing vulnerable keys.Phase 2: Risk Assessment and Algorithm Testing (First Half of 2026). Conduct a comprehensive assessment of the impact of post-quantum cryptography on the performance, storage, and bandwidth of the XRP Ledger network. Collaborate with Project Eleven to conduct validator-level testing and Devnet benchmarking, deploy NIST standardized ML-DSA quantum-safe signature schemes, and develop prototypes for post-quantum custodial wallets. Core engineer Denis Angell has already deployed ML-DSA signatures on XRPL's AlphaNet.Phase 3: Devnet Hybrid Integration (Second Half of 2026). Parallel integration of candidate post-quantum signature schemes with existing elliptic curve signatures on the developer network (Devnet), allowing developers to test performance and system impacts without affecting the mainnet. At the same time, explore post-quantum zero-knowledge proof primitives and homomorphic encryption technologies for Confidential Transfers to enhance the privacy and compliance capabilities of tokenized real-world assets on XRPL.Phase 4: Full Mainnet Upgrade (Target 2028). Submit a formal protocol amendment, which will be fully enabled on the mainnet after being approved by validator votes, to implement native post-quantum cryptography. Focus on production-ready optimization: throughput tuning, validator reliability assurance, and coordinated migration of the ecosystem, ensuring a complete transition without affecting network speed and settlement finality.

Nik Storonsky, CEO of Europe's largest fintech company Revolut, recently stated in an interview with David Rubenstein that the company's IPO plan will take at least another two years, with the earliest listing expected in 2028. Before going public, the company will continue to provide liquidity to employees and early investors through secondary equity sales. It is reported that a new round of secondary transactions may start in 2026, with the company's latest valuation reaching $75 billion.Meanwhile, Revolut is actively expanding into the U.S. market and has completed its second application for a U.S. banking license. If approved, it will be able to directly access the Federal Reserve payment system and offer loans and credit card services to U.S. users.

ChainCatcher reports live from the 2026 Hong Kong Web3 Carnival, where Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin delivered a keynote speech. He defined Ethereum by two core functions: first, as a public bulletin board for applications to publish messages and data; second, as shared digital objects controlled by code, encompassing assets, NFTs, ENS, and DAOs. He emphasized that Ethereum's goal is not to compete with high-frequency trading platforms on speed, but to become the most secure, decentralized, and always-online trusted chain.Regarding the short-term roadmap, he introduced the account abstraction proposal EIP-8141, which natively supports smart contract wallets, quantum-resistant signature algorithms, and privacy protocols; in terms of quantum resistance, there are currently two signature schemes based on hash and lattice, and the team is significantly enhancing their efficiency through EVM vectorization.He revealed that ZKVM is fast enough to prove real-time EVM execution, with this year's goal being to ensure its security, planning to start deployment from a small proportion of the network, aiming to become the primary method of validation by 2028, allowing Ethereum to scale significantly without sacrificing decentralization. In terms of long-term vision, Ethereum is actively utilizing AI to generate mathematical proofs to formalize software security verification, pursuing complete quantum safety and maximum simplicity to ensure platform security does not rely on the continuous existence of any single team.