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first_img SEC updates cryptocurrency FAQ, stating that token buybacks and network upgrades do not necessarily constitute securities

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's Division of Corporation Finance updated its frequently asked questions document on cryptocurrency assets on Friday, clarifying that token buybacks, network upgrades, and marketing promotions do not automatically make cryptocurrency assets securities. The division stated that announcing a buyback plan for an already functioning cryptocurrency network does not, by itself, make the associated tokens constitute an investment contract; however, for networks that are not yet operational, if the issuer promotes the buyback as a source of returns for holders, this conclusion may not necessarily apply.Regarding the ongoing development issues of cryptocurrency projects after their launch, the document pointed out that once a cryptocurrency system is operational, services used to protect, maintain, improve, or enhance that system and its functions, or to promote network effects, do not fall under the managerial efforts referred to in the Howey test. The existing uses of marketing networks generally do not create profit expectations, and statements regarding future functionalities are similarly true, provided that profit potential is not promoted. The document reiterated that specific judgments still heavily depend on the actual circumstances of each case.This document is based on the interpretive guidance issued by the SEC in March of this year regarding the application of securities laws to cryptocurrency assets, released just weeks after the Clarity Act failed to advance in the Senate, with regulators continuing to operate under existing laws. Additionally, the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission updated its cryptocurrency FAQs on Thursday, stating that futures companies and clearinghouses may invest customer funds in tokenized versions of previously permitted assets, provided that investment and custody requirements are met; regulated companies may use blockchain for record-keeping but must be able to provide relevant records when the blockchain or its block explorer is not operational.

first_img Ripple: Asset management institutions are preparing for the payment upgrade Batch V1.1 of the XRP Ledger

According to CoinDesk, Ripple stated that asset management companies and other commercial projects are preparing to use the Batch V1.1 feature of the XRP Ledger. This feature allows up to eight transactions to be combined into a single operation and ensures that all transactions either succeed or fail in an all-or-nothing manner, avoiding situations where one party completes settlement while the other fails.This upgrade is expected to support Delivery Versus Payment (DVP) transactions, allowing asset transfers and payments to be completed simultaneously, while also enabling exchanges, wallets, and market platforms to directly attach service fees to customer transactions for processing.RippleX Engineering Director Ayo Akinyele mentioned that some projects are already being developed around Batch, and once activated, it will bring related work closer to a production environment. Specific partners and launch times will be announced once plans are finalized. The amendment has received support from 30 of the 35 tracked validators on the XRP Ledger, exceeding the 28 votes required to enter the activation countdown. The countdown began on September 15, and if the validator support rate remains above 80% within 14 days, Batch V1.1 is expected to be activated shortly after September 29.Previously, researchers discovered serious flaws in the Batch V1 signature verification process in February, which could prematurely stop checking signatures under certain conditions, allowing attackers to unauthorizedly include transactions from other accounts. The developers subsequently withdrew the original version. Since the amendment had not yet been activated at that time, the vulnerability code did not run on the live ledger, and no funds were exposed.

first_img Fake AI trading robot tutorial deceives 224 victims into deploying malicious contracts

On September 14, blockchain intelligence company TRM Labs released a report revealing that fake YouTube tutorials lured 224 victims into deploying and funding malicious smart contracts under the guise of building AI-based crypto arbitrage bots, resulting in the theft of 274.6 ETH. TRM identified a total of 234 contracts deployed by the victims, with funds ultimately flowing into six collection addresses controlled by the operators. The stolen ETH was worth approximately $517,000 at the time of the transfer, with a median loss of 1 ETH per incident.Unlike common wallet theft attacks, this scam did not involve phishing links, spoofed domains, or malicious authorization prompts. Victims chose the tutorials themselves, copied the code, deployed the contracts, and funded them from their own wallets, with each step authorized by the victims themselves. As a result, wallet security warnings and phishing blacklists could not be triggered. TRM discovered nine nearly identical YouTube tutorials disguised as different creators, using AI-generated virtual hosts and voiceovers, promising to build fully automated crypto trading bots with Claude, and guiding victims to a compiler website controlled by the operators, some of which mimicked the commonly used Remix development environment.In one variant analyzed by TRM, a backend script would discard the source code pasted by the victims and retrieve another contract from the operator's server, with the clean code displayed on the screen never being on-chain. The replaced contract accepted deposits and transferred any balance over 0.05 ETH to the operators when the victims pressed Start or Withdraw, with no arbitrage logic or AI functionality included in the contract.

first_img Court documents show that Microsoft employees questioned whether the AI scraping system constitutes "the largest labor theft in history."

According to Decrypt, court documents unsealed in the lawsuit between The New York Times and OpenAI and Microsoft show that Microsoft employees discussed whether OpenAI's use of news articles to train its models constituted "the largest labor theft in human history," and could potentially trigger a "doom loop" that leads to a decline in model quality. A 2023 internal Microsoft memo warned that millions of people worldwide would soon view the large model's "consumption" of their works as "an unprecedented and astonishing theft," and stated that large AI models are "products that destroy their own supply chains."Microsoft stated in the documents that these memos were written by Director of Applied Science Brent Hecht and do not represent the company's views, as his role is to provide "different and asymmetric perspectives." Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella testified that "any content behind a paywall should be authorized by those who wish to use it," and stated that if he had known in advance that OpenAI was using paid content for training, he would have exercised Microsoft's rights to demand that the model be retrained.Additionally, an OpenAI employee had mentioned to President Greg Brockman the construction of "hacker methods" to bypass The New York Times paywall, to which Brockman replied, "Nice." Both OpenAI and Microsoft argue that the relevant training falls under fair use. The case was initiated by The New York Times at the end of 2023, and 11 publishers have since joined the lawsuit.
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