amsterdam

According to CoinDesk, the Ethereum Glamsterdam upgrade has continued to confirm blocks after adopting new block construction rules this week, passing key tests and paving the way for its planned launch on the Sepolia public testnet on October 6. The Nethermind client subsequently completed performance tests involving one of the biggest changes in Glamsterdam, with all 2,302 tests passing, processing 57.07 billion gas in 3 minutes and 15 seconds, averaging about 2.9 billion gas per second.The benchmark measures the speed of the Nethermind execution software rather than the entire network, testing block-level access lists. This mechanism informs Ethereum nodes in advance about which accounts and storage data will be used in the block, allowing nodes to fetch data and check unrelated transactions simultaneously, whereas the current Ethereum mostly processes related work sequentially, limiting the amount of activity each block can accommodate. About an hour after the testnet launch, Glamsterdam raised the block gas limit from 60 million to 200 million, freeing up space for more payments, token swaps, and other activities per block.The 200 million gas limit allows Ethereum to absorb more activity before users start bidding for block space, thereby alleviating fee spikes during transaction surges or when popular tokens are launched. Larger blocks are also harder to verify, which may make it difficult for small-scale operators to keep up. Glamsterdam aims to gain additional capacity without excessively increasing chain operating costs. This upgrade also extends the block data propagation time from about 2 seconds to 9 seconds and plans to incorporate the handover and payment of block construction and verification into Ethereum's own rules, reducing reliance on external relay services.

According to a report by Christine D. Kim, Ethereum developers confirmed at the ACDC #186 meeting that the Glamsterdam upgrade will be activated on the Sepolia testnet on October 6 at 13:53 UTC. However, there is significant uncertainty regarding this upgrade—currently, the latest private testnet Glamsterdam-Devnet-9 is not stable, and a serious vulnerability has been discovered in the consensus layer that could cause the entire network to stop producing blocks. The execution layer EIP-8037 also has bugs that need to be fixed.Developers will launch Devnet-10 in the coming weeks, and if Devnet-10 remains unstable, the Sepolia upgrade date may be postponed. The activation schedule for the Hoodi testnet and mainnet is currently undetermined, and whether the goal of launching the mainnet by the end of the year can be achieved remains uncertain.

On-chain data analysis platform Glassnode stated that two cities produced more than half of the Solana blocks, with Frankfurt accounting for 33% and Amsterdam for 19%.These two cities have a total of 310 validators, which represents 46% of the total 675 network validators, and 53% when calculated by staking volume.

The Ethereum Foundation issued a reminder that the Glamsterdam upgrade will include adjustments to Gas fees (EIP-8037 and EIP-8038), involving changes to the costs of state creation and access. Most contracts will not be affected, but some contracts that rely on hard-coded Gas values and other old assumptions may need to be updated; otherwise, they may fail or experience performance degradation.

The Ethereum Foundation (EF) warns that changes to the Gas model in the Glamsterdam upgrade may cause some wallets, indexers, and Gas estimation tools to become ineffective. The EF Protocol DevOps team stated that tools relying on hard-coded maximum Gas limits will fail, and developers need to update relevant systems and test on the Plataberget public testnet.Plataberget went live on August 13 and is planned to run for several months. The Glamsterdam fork is scheduled to activate on the Ethereum network on Thursday, followed by deployment to the Sepolia and Hoodi testnets. EIP-8037 will introduce an independent state Gas dimension for operations that create new states. Transferring ETH to existing accounts will still require 21,000 Gas, while transferring to new accounts will incur additional state Gas; developers should also re-evaluate software that considers 21,000 Gas as the total cost for all ETH transfers or only uses a single Gas dimension to estimate transaction fees.

The Ethereum Foundation's DevOps team announced the launch of the Platåberget testnet as an early public testing environment for the Glamsterdam (Gloas + Amsterdam) upgrade. This testnet is open to the community and is planned to run for several months, providing developers with a stable experimental platform to identify and fix issues before the upgrade is deployed to long-term testnets like Sepolia and Hoodi. The Glamsterdam hard fork is scheduled to activate on August 20 on this testnet.The Glamsterdam upgrade includes several significant changes to both the consensus layer and execution layer, including built-in proposer-builder separation (ePBS), block-level access lists (BALs), gas repricing targeting approximately 200 million gas, an increase in the maximum contract deployment size from 24KiB to 64KiB, an increase in the initcode limit from 48KiB to 128KiB, and forward-compatible consensus data structures. Relevant EIPs are summarized in meta EIP-7773. Gas repricing will affect wallets, indexers, and gas estimation tools, and any tools with hard-coded maximum gas limits will need to be updated; EIP-8037 also introduces an independent state gas dimension, where new accounts or writing to new storage slots will be charged by state bytes.The Platåberget validator set is small and allows public participation, supporting deposits from validators or builders submitted through the Dora browser. The testnet provides one-click resources to add networks, faucets, and client images. The community can provide feedback on issues in the Ethereum R&D Discord and related specification repositories.

Ethereum core developer Terence posted on the X platform that the Ethereum Glamsterdam devnet-6 has been released, and significant progress has been made in the testnet. EIP-8282 introduces ePBS builder execution requests, which include two new system contracts. On the execution layer, based on the work from post-bal-devnet-7, EIP-2780, 8038 (repricing), 7997, 8246, and 8070 (optional) have been added, and modifications have been made to EIP-7954 (64 KiB), 8037 (source-based refunds), and 7928 (BAL×7702 preheat maintaining status quo).

The Ethereum Glamsterdam hard fork entered the final development testnet phase on Tuesday, locking in ten EIP proposals, positioned as the largest protocol upgrade since the merge.The two core proposals are: EIP-7732, which directly writes the proposer-builder separation (ePBS) into the consensus layer, replacing the current reliance on off-chain relays like MEV-Boost; and EIP-7928, which introduces block-level access lists (BALs), allowing validators to process unrelated transactions in parallel. The combination of these paves the way for a 200 million Gas limit, increasing approximately three times from the current level of about 60 million, with theoretical throughput reaching around 10,000 TPS.On the user side, EIP-2780 is expected to make standard ETH transfers up to 71% cheaper. The mainnet activation date has yet to be determined and must first complete validation on the Holesky and Hoodi testnets. Based on historical rhythms, it is expected to go live between September and December 2026. The 200 million Gas limit is a design goal rather than a fork-enforced value, ultimately to be gradually increased by validators through Gas voting signals.

According to CoinDesk, Ethereum developers have entered the final development phase of the Glamsterdam upgrade, running a developer network (devnets) that includes all planned EIPs, which will then be deployed to the public testnet. Parithosh Jayanthi, a core developer at the Ethereum Foundation, stated that this is the final stage before codebase hardening and testnet launch, and although there is no fixed timeline, significant progress has been made. Glamsterdam is expected to launch on the mainnet in the second half of this year and is described as "the largest upgrade since the merge," which will change many assumptions about Ethereum and lay the groundwork for larger-scale expansions in the future.Key features include EIP-7732 (built-in proposer-builder separation), which incorporates a separation mechanism for block construction and proposal into the core protocol to reduce MEV manipulation opportunities; and EIP-7928 (block-level access lists), which allows blocks to declare in advance the accounts and contract data they will access, improving execution efficiency. Glamsterdam also includes a series of gas repricing that will significantly change the operational costs on Ethereum: high-computation operations will become cheaper, while state management costs will increase.

The Ethereum Foundation disclosed the results of a recent interoperability meeting held by core developers in the Svalbard archipelago of Norway and updated the key technical progress for the next phase upgrade, Glamsterdam. During the meeting, multiple client teams collaborated on network scalability and execution layer optimization, making progress in several directions. Developers confirmed that based on the comprehensive results of ePBS, BAL optimization, and the EIP-8037 repricing mechanism, a consensus on the "trusted path" after Glamsterdam has been reached.In terms of the execution layer, ePBS (External Proposer Separation Architecture) has been stably running in the multi-client Glamsterdam-devnet, and the external block builder process has completed end-to-end testing, covering almost all client implementations. Meanwhile, EIP-8037 has been finalized, establishing the fixed cost_per_state_byte model, and complete repricing parameter output has been achieved in bal-devnet-6. The scalability direction Hegotá has also made progress. The FOCIL-related prototype has a runnable implementation, and the scope of account abstraction (AA) requirements has been defined, with the next phase entering the multi-client development network verification stage.Current development focus remains on the final implementation of Glamsterdam while advancing the Hegotá scalability design and subsequent Strawmap route evolution. The development network is online, and functionalities such as FOCIL are expected to continue deepening in the next phase of testing. At the organizational level, this interop meeting also marks the formal initiation of leadership structure adjustments within the Protocol Cluster. The new leaders include Will Corcoran, Kev Wedderburn, and Fredrik. Will Corcoran is responsible for zkVM proof and post-quantum consensus coordination, Kev Wedderburn leads zkEVM development, and Fredrik is in charge of protocol security and the Trillion Dollar Security project.Original Protocol Cluster leadership team members Barnabé Monnot and Tim Beiko will gradually step back from management roles, and Alex Stokes is entering a leave period. The foundation stated that during its term, the Protocol has completed modular advancement and facilitated the launch of the Fusaka upgrade (December 2025), introduced PeerDAS, and enhanced mainnet gas capacity.

The Ethereum Foundation published a summary of the Soldøgn Interop work, which has now basically completed the key goals of the Glamsterdam upgrade, including reaching consensus on the post-upgrade 200 million Gas Limit lower bound, achieving stable operation of the ePBS external Builder process, and finalizing the EIP-8037 Gas repricing parameters.The focus of the Glamsterdam upgrade is to enhance security by increasing the Gas Limit to expand Ethereum's throughput, while EIP-8037 will prevent state bloat caused by a high Gas Limit by raising the cost of state creation. The Ethereum Foundation also stated that most clients have completed stable operation on glamsterdam-devnet-2 and successfully tested the entire external Builder process. Additionally, substantial progress has been made on FOCIL, native account abstraction, and Hegotá upgrade-related features. In the coming weeks, core developers will continue to advance client hardening, testing improvements, and code merging, with final parameters to be publicly confirmed in the AllCoreDevs meeting.

The Ethereum Foundation published a summary of the Soldøgn Interop work, which has now basically completed the key goals of the Glamsterdam upgrade, including reaching consensus on the post-upgrade 200 million Gas Limit lower bound, achieving stable operation of the ePBS external Builder process, and finalizing the EIP-8037 Gas repricing parameters.The focus of the Glamsterdam upgrade is to enhance security by increasing the Gas Limit to expand Ethereum's throughput, while EIP-8037 will prevent state bloat caused by high Gas Limits by increasing the cost of state creation.The Ethereum Foundation also stated that most clients have completed stable operation on glamsterdam-devnet-2 and successfully tested the entire process of external Builders. In addition, substantial progress has been made on FOCIL, native account abstraction, and Hegotá upgrade-related features. In the coming weeks, core developers will continue to advance client hardening, testing improvements, and code merging, with final parameters to be publicly confirmed at the AllCoreDevs meeting.

According to official news, the Ethereum Foundation has released the 2026 protocol priority update, which indicates that it will advance along three tracks: scalability (integrating L1 execution with Blob scaling), improving user experience (focusing on native account abstraction and cross-chain interoperability), and strengthening the L1 layer (enhancing security, censorship resistance, and network resilience).Moreover, the Ethereum Foundation stated that it will continue to push the Gas Limit to 100M and above, promote ePBS and further Blob parameter adjustments, advance the zkEVM attester client, as well as work on censorship resistance and post-quantum security; the next major upgrade, Glamsterdam, is targeted for the first half of 2026, with Hegotá planned for follow-up later in the year.

According to a post by Christine D. Kim on platform X summarizing the 173rd Ethereum consensus layer core developer meeting, to launch the Glamsterdam upgrade before mid-year, developers may need to significantly scale down the upgrade.Although there has not yet been an official acknowledgment of discrepancies in planning and timelines, if issues do exist, they need to be resolved by the end of February. Key discussion points from the meeting include: if a compatible version of EIP-7732 cannot be achieved by the end of February, it will be considered for removal from Glamsterdam and postponed to a future hard fork; performance issues with nodes were discovered in the Consensys Teku client during mainnet stress testing, affecting progress; EIP-7928 requires clients to conduct a small-scale API review; the submission deadline for the Hegota upgrade Headliner EIP proposal is February 4; some client teams have completed preliminary work on the EIP-7688 library update.

According to the minutes of the 172nd Ethereum Consensus Layer Developer Meeting by ACDC, developers discussed the upcoming Glamsterdam upgrade and the next phase of the Hegota upgrade.Among them, EIP-8070 "Sparse Blob Pool" has been included as a candidate feature for Glamsterdam, and the second hard fork of Fusaka, limited to blob parameters, has successfully gone live on the mainnet, increasing blob transaction block space by 40%. In addition, the proposal window for the Hegota upgrade is now open, with a deadline of February 5. Relevant proposals must be published on Ethereum Magicians and presented at the developer meeting. The meeting also covered topics such as ePBS testing challenges, suggestions for consensus layer anti-censorship mechanisms, and optimization of the EIP governance process.

According to records from forkcast org, the 172nd Ethereum Consensus Layer Core Developer Conference (ACDC) mainly discussed: successful activation of BPO2, Blob Target increased to 14, Limit increased to 21; EIP-8070 (Sparse Blob Pool) confirmed to be included in Glamsterdam; the proposal process for the Hegota headline proposal has been opened.

According to Cointelegraph, Ethereum will undergo several major upgrades in 2026, including the Glamsterdam and Heze-Bogota hard forks, aiming to achieve L1 scaling and further application of Web3 technologies.The Glamsterdam hard fork is expected to be launched in mid-2026, focusing on "block access lists" and "built-in proposer-builder separation" (ePBS). The former will enable perfect parallel processing, allowing Ethereum to shift from a single-channel model to a multi-channel model, significantly increasing transaction processing speed; the latter will help improve block generation efficiency and provide more time for the verification of zero-knowledge proofs. Additionally, the Gas limit for Ethereum in 2026 is expected to rise significantly from the current 60 million to 100 million or even 200 million, while the number of data blocks may increase to over 72 per block, further supporting L2 protocols to process hundreds of thousands of transactions per second. It is anticipated that 10% of Ethereum network validators will shift to validating zero-knowledge proofs, paving the way for L1 scaling to 10,000 transactions per second (TPS). The Heze-Bogota hard fork at the end of the year will also focus on enhancing privacy protection and censorship resistance, further optimizing the Ethereum ecosystem. Previously, Ethereum developers named the subsequent upgrade of Glamsterdam "Hegota."

According to Coindesk, Ethereum core developers are advancing a major protocol upgrade named "Glamsterdam," scheduled to launch in 2026, focusing on addressing the maximum extractable value (MEV) fairness issues in the current network.One of the leading proposals for this upgrade is EIP-7732: Enshrined Proposer-Builder Separation (ePBS), which formally introduces the division of roles between Proposer and Builder at the protocol level, reducing reliance on centralized relays and external MEV infrastructure, thereby enhancing censorship resistance and fairness in the block production process.Another key proposal that complements this is EIP-7928: Block-level Access Lists, which allows blocks to pre-declare which accounts and contract data will be accessed, helping nodes to preload and reuse data more efficiently, making block execution faster and more predictable, and laying the groundwork for future scalability. The complete list of EIPs for Glamsterdam is still being finalized.