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IMF: The tokenized market is still small and fragmented, requiring clear laws and regulations

On October 8, the IMF published a blog based on Chapter 3 of the Global Financial Stability Report for October 2026, indicating that the tokenized market is growing rapidly but remains very small and highly fragmented. The average daily trading volume of tokenized repurchase agreements is about $300 billion to $350 billion, while other tokenized assets amount to about $65 billion, compared to an average daily volume of about $13 trillion in the U.S. repurchase market, and a total global capital market asset size of $300 trillion.The report points out that investors have shown interest in certain tokenized features, with more than half of the trades occurring outside traditional market hours, and about 80% of tokenized stock trades being less than 1 share. However, the tokenized market has lower liquidity and higher volatility than traditional markets, and cross-platform fragmentation weakens network effects. The IMF believes that legal certainty, regulatory clarity, interoperability, and secure settlement assets are four mutually reinforcing constraints.The report also warns that scaling up could amplify traditional financial risks such as sell-offs, liquidity squeezes, and contagion. Policymakers should adopt a technology-neutral approach, clarify the legal rights of tokenized assets, ensure consistent regulation for similar activities, support interoperability between tokenized platforms and the traditional financial system, and continuously monitor interconnectedness, leverage, and liquidity risks.

first_img European Central Bank officials: Without a digital euro, tokenized platforms may become fragmented

European Central Bank Executive Board member Piero Cipollone stated during the MNI Connect Webcast that without a pan-European digital payment solution covering various daily transactions, the fragmentation risk between tokenization platforms may increase, thereby undermining Europe's "resilience and monetary sovereignty." He pointed out that the goal of the European Central Bank should be to create a digital euro that can be exchanged between banks and used for daily transactions.Cipollone emphasized, "Our goal is not to replace the role of banks." He stated that the digital euro will provide banks with the infrastructure needed to compete in the digital age and help banks expand the coverage and application scenarios of their own solutions.According to him, the European Central Bank has not yet decided whether to issue a digital euro but plans to complete the legislative process by the end of 2026. If the project advances, a 12-month pilot program will be launched in the second half of 2027, with a potential official issuance in 2029. The European Central Bank first proposed introducing a digital euro in October 2020 as a complementary digital payment option to cash. Critics argue that the central bank digital currency could give EU officials the means to monitor or even control residents' spending. Cipollone stated in September 2025 that the digital euro will ensure that all Europeans can use a free and widely accepted digital payment method at any time, even in the event of significant disruptions.

PaymentsJournal Highlights Latin America’s Fragmented Payments Landscape, Citing PhotonPay Research

Payments industry publication PaymentsJournal has published a deep-dive article, Navigating Latin America’s Complex Payment Ecosystem, examining the region’s evolving payments landscape, including domestic payment rails, cross-border settlement, stablecoins and payment orchestration. The article draws on PhotonPay’s research report, The Next Payment Infrastructure in LATAM, as a reference for its analysis. The article highlights the highly fragmented nature of Latin America’s payments market, where countries such as Brazil, Argentina and Mexico have developed distinct payment systems, currencies, providers and regulatory frameworks. At the same time, stablecoins are gaining traction in cross-border payments, offering an additional layer for liquidity and settlement, while local payment rails remain essential for reaching businesses and consumers in individual markets. PaymentsJournal argues that the next phase of payment infrastructure in Latin America may not be about creating a single regional rail, but about connecting diverse local payment systems, currencies and global liquidity through a more unified infrastructure layer. In this model, stablecoins can facilitate cross-border movement and settlement of value, while payment orchestration connects and manages the local rails, providers and fund flows businesses need to navigate. PhotonPay’s research explores these infrastructure trends and the changing dynamics of payments across the region.

European Securities and Markets Authority report: Tokenized stocks may lead to liquidity fragmentation

According to Ledger Insights, the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) recently published the "Trends, Risks, and Vulnerabilities Report for the First Half of 2026," in which digital assets and prediction markets occupy three chapters. Regarding crypto assets, the report warns that the increasing ties between cryptocurrencies and the traditional financial sector pose risks. Concerning tokenization, the report points out that issuing different tokenized versions of the same stock may lead to fragmented liquidity.As for prediction markets, the report believes that prediction markets have not yet seen significant development in Europe. This is because major platforms do not yet hold EU licenses, and in most cases, they need to obtain licenses. The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) outlines some potential advantages of tokenization, including increased efficiency, expanded investor access, programmability, and atomic settlement. On the other hand, ESMA also questions how much these advantages are actually realized within these encapsulated structures.Since the ownership of the underlying stocks is off-chain, there is no single data source on-chain, and self-custody can only be achieved indirectly through these structures. Tokenization structures also introduce additional layers of intermediaries, leading to complexity and risk. The settlement advantages are also difficult to realize. Even if token transfers occur on-chain, the cash portion of the transaction is usually settled separately, whether through bank payments or other channels. This means that for certain transactions, the promised atomic settlement (i.e., simultaneous delivery of securities and cash) has not yet been achieved.

first_img Etherealize CEO warns Wall Street about the revival of alliance chains: Fragmenting the ecosystem will undermine blockchain interoperability

Vitalik Buterin and Etherealize co-founder and CEO Vivek Raman, supported by the Ethereum Foundation, warned that Wall Street's renewed enthusiasm for private, permissioned "consortium chains" is recreating a fragmented system, undermining the interoperability and liquidity that blockchain should bring, akin to "race to the bottom." He pointed out the rise of gated networks such as Digital Asset's Canton Network, Circle's ARC, and Stripe's Tempo, reminiscent of the R3 and Hyperledger consortium chains 2.0 from years past, where institutions will ultimately find themselves in a situation of competing consortium chains, needing permission or membership to participate.Raman emphasized that the Ethereum mainnet should serve as a globally open, permissionless foundation layer similar to HTTP, where institutions can overlay permission and privacy features at the application layer or L2 to achieve maximum interoperability and liquidity. Etherealize is committed to attracting TradFi to embrace Ethereum, which has already hosted billions of dollars in tokenized assets and supported a large amount of DeFi settlements. The company received seed funding from Buterin and the foundation in January 2025 and completed a $40 million Series A financing in the same year.He cited examples such as BlackRock's new fund based on Ethereum, stating that once regulations are clear, institutional funds are more inclined towards open network tracks that are not proprietary; choosing consortium chains would require paying the consortium and being bound by its rules, with incentives for non-early members quickly fading. Christian Catalini, founder of the MIT Cryptoeconomics Lab, also pointed out that if permissioned networks driven by enterprise sales become mainstream, some competitive benefits of blockchain may not be realized.

From fragmented entry to unified accounts, Gate TradFi builds a new entry for global asset allocation

Deep Tide TechFlow published an in-depth article titled "From 'Fragmented Entry' to 'One Account': Gate TradFi Makes Global Asset Allocation Within Reach." The article points out that as traditional financial assets and the crypto market accelerate their integration, traders' demand for unified, multi-asset trading platforms is increasing, and TradFi has become an important strategic direction for leading crypto trading platforms.The article emphasizes Gate TradFi's product layout and development, including support for users to trade over 10,000 real stocks and ETFs, covering more than 440 CFD products such as foreign exchange, metals, indices, and commodities, as well as diversified asset categories like Pre-IPO, tokenized stocks, and ETFs. Data shows that Gate TradFi's CFD business has reached a daily trading volume of over $30 billion, demonstrating the platform's activity and market demand in the global traditional financial asset trading field. The article believes that Gate is bridging crypto assets and traditional financial markets through a unified account system, providing users with a one-stop global asset allocation experience.In addition, the article also points out that against the backdrop of most trading platforms laying out TradFi business, Gate is forming a differentiated competitive advantage through asset coverage speed, product innovation capabilities, and the construction of a multi-asset trading ecosystem, continuously lowering the threshold for global asset allocation and gradually promoting the concept of "one account trading global assets."
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